Diabetes Mellitus

diabetes mellitus diagnosis

Read and learn more about diabetes mellitus diagnosis. For more, visit the Diabetes website DiabetesFAQ.org

Q: What are the nursing diagnosis of diabetes of mellitus?

A: I am going to assume you are a nursing student, if I am wrong please disregard all of this…

I’m a first semester nursing student so I would double check but I am looking up the same thing. My nursing Dx book says:

Impaired Nutrition: less then body requirement, deficient knowledge, there are others of course.

These don’t actually help me because none`1 of the which are the case for my patient.

It is hard to say though because you need some s/s and the type of diabetes your pt. has.

If you want a good answer try the website Allnurses.com

You need to mention s/s and “SOAP” data, meds, labs, ect. They will flat out tell you that they won’t “do” your homework so have a little more info to give…

Hope I was some help.

Q: what is the connection of Diabetes mellitus in keratoplasty?
we have a case study, the patient has a diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus, and it says there that he undergo keratoplasty.. is there a connection between the two?

A: Diabetes can effect the eyes and can lead to many eye complications
for more on eye diseases due to diabetes vsit mt free website http://www.reddiabetes.com

Automated lamellar keratoplasty eye surgery, or ALK, is a surgical procedure used to correct vision in people with severe nearsightedness and mild degrees of farsightedness.

What Happens During Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
Keratoplasty eye surgery, performed under local anesthesia, usually takes less than an hour to complete. A cutting device is used to make a small incomplete flap across the cornea. While still attached at one side, the corneal flap is folded back to reveal the layer of tissue below. Another, very precise cut is made on the sub layer of tissue based on the person’s glasses’ prescription. After this cut, the corneal flap is placed back over the eye where it reattaches.

What Are the Advantages of Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
Compared to other vision repair surgeries:

The healing process for keratoplasty eye surgery is relatively quick
It takes less time for stable vision to return
Recovery period is more comfortable

What Are the Disadvantages of Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
While keratoplasty eye surgery is a safe and effective surgery, it does have its disadvantages. They include:

For people with mild to moderate nearsightedness, keratoplasty eye surgery is not as accurate as other eye procedures, meaning that its outcome is more difficult to predict.
Keratoplasty eye surgery slightly increases a person’s risk of developing an irregular astigmatism.

What Are the Potential Side Effects of Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
Aside from the above-mentioned disadvantages, side effects, though rare, do occur. These may include:

Glare
Inability to wear contacts, sometimes permanently
Infection
Corneal scarring

How Should I Prepare for Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
Before your keratoplasty eye surgery you will have met with a coordinator who will discuss with you what you should expect during and after the surgery. During this session your medical history will be evaluated and your eyes will be tested. Likely tests will include measuring corneal thickness, refraction, and pupil dilation. Once you have gone through your evaluation, you will meet the surgeon, who will answer any further questions you may have. Afterwards, you can schedule an appointment for the keratoplasty eye surgery.

If you wear rigid gas permeable contact lenses, you should not wear them during the three weeks before keratoplasty eye surgery. Other types of contact lenses shouldn’t be worn for at least three days prior to keratoplasty eye surgery. Be sure to bring your glasses to the surgery so your prescription can be reviewed.

On the day of your keratoplasty eye surgery, eat a light meal before going to the doctor and take all of your prescribed medications. Do not wear eye makeup or have any bulky accessories in your hair that will interfere with positioning your head under the laser. If you do not feel well that morning, call the doctor’s office to determine whether the keratoplasty eye surgery needs to be postponed.

What Should I Expect After Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
The healing time from keratoplasty eye surgery is very rapid. It usually takes only about 24 hours to mend. But it may take a few weeks for your vision to finally stabilize.

Your doctor will give you eye drops to control inflammation, discomfort, and prevent infection.

Q: Discuss the patient’s diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. How would you diagnosis a child with this?
Case Study #1: Diabetes

Hannah is a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. She is a 4th grade student at Hendricks Elementary School. Prior to her diagnosis, Hannah was very involved in sports and played on the girls volleyball team. Her mother is concerned about how the diagnosis will affect Hannah.

1. Discuss the patient’s diagnosis. Include a definition of the actual disease or condition.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus once known as “juvenile onset” diabetes or “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,” is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or faulty use of insulin by the cells. Insulin is a hormone needed to convert sugar (glucose) into energy. Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence.

2. Identify the factors which could have caused or lead to the particular disease or condition.

3. Describe the signs and symptoms which are associated with the disease or condition.

4. Discuss the diagnostic testing that is usually performed in order to formally diagnose the particular disease or condition.

5. Identify the appropriate treatment (including therapies, medications, etc) which the patient may be prescribed for his/her particular diagnosis.

6. Discuss potential barriers to therapy which the patient may experience due to their unique situation.

7. Discuss alternative treatments which may also benefit the patient.

8. Describe the typical prognosis for a patient with the disease or condition.

9. Identify patient teaching which would benefit the patient in your case study.

I have to do a paper for school and looking for a good website to answer these question.

A: WWW.diabetes.org is the official website for the American Diabetes Assoc.

Q: methods of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?

A: The diagnose it’s glucose in blood more than 120mg/dl. or HBA2 > 7

2 positive test with > 140mg/dl fasting

Methods: Blood levels, clamp, symptons, capilar disgnose machine etc.

Q: Can someone give me 2 Nursing Diagnosis related to Diabetes Mellitus? Patient has an ulcer on right toe and il
Identify the nursing diagnostic category
Related to: identiify 2 factors/etilogies
AEB or AMB: identify 3 signs or symptoms

A: I like the two above me but to add to those:
Risk for infection r/t ulcer on rt toe

I guess I would need to know more about the patient: age? how long with DM? Compliant?

Q: Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus this is my first time to make one. Help.?
Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: The pathophysiology is basically this (although there’s far more to it)… too high an intake of carbohydrates combined with insufficient exercise resulting in excess triglycerides with resultant insulin resistance, and excess buildup of blood glucose resulting in all kinds of system failures.

This is not an easy thing to adequately answer here . Maybe if you read this: http://www.naturalnews.com/025405.html

Q: Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

after 3 years

2009.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: You need a nurses care plan guide and your nurses diagnosis handbook they will guide you through these. Don’t get all shook up. Just take each step by itself and then move to the next one. I was nervous the first time too. They aren’t that hard after the first couple are behind you.

Q: Diagnosis of Kidney disorders thru Urine samples?
okay so i had this lab wheree i had 4 urine samples. and i had to determine which had diabetes mellitus, insipidus and brights disease.
we tested the urine sample with benedict solution, the pH of the urine, and mixing biuret reagent.
How would i be able to determine which samples are with what disease. Anything in paticular i am looking for?

A: A blood work should also be performed, to check your creatinine and BUN.

Best of luck!

Q: The most likely diagnosis is:?
19: A 30-year-old nursing student presents with confusion, sweating, hunger, and fatigue. Blood sugar is noted to be 40 mg/dL. The patient has no history of diabetes mellitus, although her sister is an insulin-dependent diabetic. The patient has had several similar episodes over the past year, all occurring just prior to reporting for work in the early
morning. On this evaluation, the patient is found to have high insulin levels and a low C peptide level. The most likely diagnosis is:

a. Reactive hypoglycemia
b. Early diabetes mellitus
c. Factitious hypoglycaemia
d. Hepatoma
e. Insulinoma

A: Confusion, sweating, hunger, and fatigue are all classic symptoms of hypogycemia, and this is verified by blood sugar of 40mg/dL (normal is 70-120 mg/dL).

High insulin levels would result in low blood sugar since effect of insulin is uptake of glucose from bloodstream by muscle and liver cells.

Insulinomas (tumors of the islet cells in the pancreas that can produce uncontrolled amounts of insulin and C-peptide) can be eliminated since there are low C peptide levels. C peptide levels should mirror insulin levels, therefore if person has high insulin production they should have high C peptide levels (low C peptide = low insulin).

Hepatomas are liver cancers, and this should be eliminated since sugar uptake is fine (liver cells can uptake glucose). The pancreas is the organ that secretes insulin and glucagon, so again another reason to eliminate.

Factitious hypoglycaemia is the result of the patient inducing hypoglycemic conditions thru ingestion of insulin or other hypoglycemic agents. Thismeans that the student deliberately induced the hypoglycemic condition…need more psych eval to determine.

Reactive hypoglycemia is a medical term describing recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia occurring 2-4 hours after a high carbohydrate meal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_hypoglycemia). I would eliminate since I doubt student awoke 2-4 hrs before early-morning shift to eat.

Early DM can be diagnosed by blood sugar and C peptide levels, which should show both levels high.

This leaves us with factitious hypogycemia….student is ingesting/injecting insulin to induce hypoglycemia. She is busted since her C-peptide levels are low!

Q: Steps to making an accurate diagnosis for the patient?
I have been an endocrinologist for 12 years and specialize in diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. If I am ready to make a diagnosis for anything, I sit down the night before and go over the charts, research my medical books on the disease I am getting ready to diagnose, then I sit them down and visually explain what they have. I have never misdiagnosed a patient but I have falsely sent then to another specialist overlooking such diseases such as a pheochromocytoma, hypothyroidism, and a little more. How can I increase my standards so I don’t dismiss the patient without fully knowing that it is something hormonal?

A: BS. Every doctor on earth has misdiagnosed a patient. But don’t get me wrong, it’s pretty easy if ALL you’re diagnosing is diabetes mellitus and insipidus.

Q: wrong diagnosis?
on january 2007 i was diagnosed of hyperthyroidism,…i have been feeling of symptoms like rapid heartbeat, warm body temperature, and weightloss despite of increased apetite..the doctor examined my tsh,t4,t3 levels and the t4 is slightlthly elevated but the tsh is quite normal.the doctor prescribed an antithyroid drugs bout 15mg per day but my weight didnot increase…however ,on may 2007 the doctor reexamined my blood sample and astonishingly gone to normal range in very short time….she tells me that my condition is not actually hyperthyroidism…well now i’m really confused….my whole body is now shringking and i dont know why…..i have been feeling of things similar to those suffering from diabetes mellitus but my FBS shows no diabetes at all……can someone suggest me things which can help me answer what am i suffering from?

A: ^ Go to your endocrinologist and have the test done again and have a urine test for diabetes and an A1C test also. A1C is a blood test that will give your glucose (sugar) levels for the past 3 months. I hope this helps, feel better. Good luck

Q: Nursing diagnosis for a 59 year old male pt submitted for right shaft pain along with back pain.?
Past Medical History (list all medical problems the patient has had in the last year):
1. Positive for prostate cancer.
2. History of calf vein DVT left leg diagnosed Aug 2008 on coumadin.
3. Urinary retention
4. History of rectal bleeding Sep 2008- status post colonoscopy and biopsy which showed radiation prostatitis and biopsy negative for dysphasia or malignancy
5. Diabetes mellitus diabetes, chronic back pain, ulcers in the colon at the hepatic flexure and cecum. Positive for colonoscopy appx 1 month ago.

Patient is a smoker, uses marijuana, heroin, cocaine and alcohol.

A: Discharge him. Allow him to continue self medication and use the medical system on someone worth saving.

Q: Question About Nursing Diagnosis?
I have to do 3 nursing diagnoses about Diabetes Mellitus. There are three parts to it…..Stem, Related To, and As Evidenced By….but when it is for risk, there is only two parts and AEB is left out.

1.) Risk for injury r/t nerve damage and loss of sensation
2.) Constipation r/t intestinal nerve damage AEB prolonged periods without defecation
3.) Risk for infection r/t poor circulation and impaired immune system

I wrote these but I’m not sure about the R/T because I don’t know if it should be common sense answers (such as dehydration for constipation) or if I can write nerve damage even though I don’t know 100% because I’m not a doctor….I looked up the information online though.

Could you guys please help me? Thanks

A: a risk cant have a r/t since its still going to happen. And it doesnt require as evidence by and cues. Your intervention will be directed on preventive measures.

The constipation can be related to decreased peristalsis secondary to alteration of GI function, to make it more non-MD statement. the AEB is okay, but indicate the span of time or days since you cant say its constipation if its not 3 or 4 days without passage.

Q: Does anyone think that i am on the right track with this case study?
Mrs. Grace Pallance is a 42 year old woman who is admitted to your ward through the emergency department, having been referred by her local doctor.
She has a week long history of fatigue, headache, poor appetite, thirst and frequency.
On admission the following data is recorded:
• weight is 90kg = morbidly obese.
• height is 164cm
• temperature: 37.2 degrees Celsius = normal
• pulse: 120 beats/minute = increase higher than normal
• respiration’s: 20 breaths/minute = high side of normal
• BP: 160/95 mmHg = high
Urinalysis:
• large amounts of glucose = high indicating metabolic imbalance
• trace albumin
• nil ketones = indicating that this episode is still reversable.
• SG1.016 = normal range
Plasma glucose level:
• 16mmollL = high indicating metabolic imbalance
Provisional diagnosis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Mrs Pallance is to be transferred to the ward and an electrocardiograph (ECG) is to be taken on arrival in the ward.
1. Upon her arrival in the ward you assess Mrs Pallance. Based on your knowledge of T2DM and your assessment; discuss the nursing
interventions required and explain the rationale for each intervention.
1/Upon admission to ward I would do a set of observations- to establish our baseline.
2/ Administer iv fluids.
3/ Catheretize to monitor fluid output.
4/Monitor electrolytes.
5/ Administer iv insulin and Dextrose to stablize pt
2. Using the information from the case study, explain Mrs. Pallance’s
symptoms to her as they relate to the provisional diagnosis. In your
answer identify her risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes

A: Administering insulin via iv and putting in a catheter seems like over kill on a patient with a BG of 288 without knowing when the last meal was and was the level going up or down. A simple injection of a fast acting insulin may be in order but without ketones in the urine I would be looking at heart/lung issues and monitor the diabetes issues. She has diabetes, she does not have risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes, she IS diabetic.

Q: OGTT RESULTS? Cant understand it.?
Patients Fasting Blood Glucose Level : 79.0 mg/dl

Blood Glucose after load:
at 60 mins = 133.mg/dl
at 120 mins = 120.0 mg/dl
at 180 mins = 100 mg/dl

here is what it says on the result:

CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSTIC INTERPRETATION : Presence of 2 or more of the following abnormal serum glucose values: (1> 95 mg/dl FBS; 2>180mg/dl at 60 min after glucose load; 3>155mg/dl at 120 min after glucose load; 4> 140 mg/dl at 180 min after glucose load0 qualifies for the biochemical diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Patterns of glucose level abnormality other than the aforementioned criterion indicate Impaired Glucose Tolerance

i couldnt understand the result sheet that i received since i havent forwarded the results to my doctor. and i will give it to her on monday.
can you explain it to me? thanks a LOT!

A: (1> 95 mg/dl FBS; …yours was 79

2>180mg/dl at 60 min after glucose …yours was 133
3>155mg/dl at 120 min after glucose load….yours was 120
4> 140 mg/dl at 180 min after glucose ….yours was 100

Your numbers are all below the criteria so it looks good! Hope this Helps.

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