Q: What are the reasons why a patient with diabetes mellitus 2 has high triglycerides level?
And what is the reason why a diabetic patient is still thin even he eats a lot of food?
pls give me some FACTS…

and specific reason!

tnx

A: in type 2 insulin ( the hormone which utilizes glucose ) is high but tissues are less sensitive to it
therefore glucose is less utilized by the body
glucose is the source of energy
his energy levels are low
so he eats alot
glucose storage is limited to a certain amount , and the rest are either disposed or turned into fat
insulin prevents lipolysis (fat breakdown)
then fat builds up.
and triglycerides are forms of fat

Q: what are the normal blood glucose levels for a person with diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2?
normal blood glucose levels for an average perso n is approximately 90mg/100ml. can anyone tell me the BGL for a person with diabetes mellitus?

A: There are various methods to determine blood glucose level. Some tests give you accurate diagnosis of diabetes or pre-diabetes, while others will tell you how well you are managing your diabetes.

Fasting Blood Sugar Test:
Measures the blood sugar level after 8 hours fast or overnight. Normal fasting blood glucose level is less than 100mg/dl. If your fasting blood glucose level is from 100mg/dl to 125mg/dl then you will have impaired blood glucose level also known as Pre-Diabetes. If your blood glucose level is above 125mg/dl then your doctor will diagnose as a patient of diabetes. To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may repeat the fasting blood glucose test on any other day. If you have blood glucose level of 126mg/dl or higher in two consecutive tests, then you may have diabetes. If you have blood glucose level greater than 200mg/dl and you have symptoms of diabetes like increased thirst or hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision etc, then you may be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus without confirming it with second test.

Random Blood Glucose Test:
Random blood Glucose test gives your blood sugar at any time in a day. Normal random blood sugar level should be less than 200mg/dl. If your random blood glucose level is between 140mg/dl to 200mg/dl then you will have pre-diabetes.

Oral glucose tolerance test
This test measures your response to sugar. First we measure fasting blood glucose level, and then glucose solution is given, after that we measure blood glucose after 1 hour and 2hours. A normal blood glucose level after an oral glucose tolerance test is less than 140 mg/dL. Level between 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL suggests pre-diabetes. A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher two hours after you drink the glucose solution may suggest that you have diabetes mellitus.

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
This test is not for diagnosing diabetes, but it shows you how well you have controlled your sugar in last 2 or 3 months. Normal value is less than 7%, however if it is more than 7 then you and your doctor should think of changing your treatment of diabetes.

Always Remember, your blood glucose measurement alone is not enough to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Your doctor may do some other tests to find out which type of diabetes you have.

That it , there the same.

Q: what drugs should be given to a patient for bronchial asthma, with hypertention stage 2 and diabetes mellitus?
I thought of adding atrovent, its an exam question, glucocorticoids are contraindicated, can someone just mention the possible combinations of the various groups available, condition of pation is medium not severe.

A: aminophylline could be taken safely and aerosol of salmetrol could be used

Q: How does type 1 diabetes mellitus differ from type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A: Gary B said it nicely, but I would like to add and correct a few things:

Type 1. The pancreas is working just fine for a diabetic (for the most part) and only the Beta cells are destroyed by ones own immune system. That can be from various causes (I for example got that as a chickenpox complication). The risk for immediate death isn’t all that high and you will 100% notice the increase of BG levels in time to act on it due to excessive thirst and urination followed by puking, headache and sweating.

Type 2 makes insulin like normal, but it’s either not enough for fat or the organism becomes somewhat resistant to insulin and cannot use it effectively on it’s own. That is treated by medicine that boosts the organisms insulin intake. You can get it from obesity and lack of exercise or sometimes in old age. This can also evolve into a insulin dependant type 2 diabetes.

Q: how is diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with obescity?
i would like to know the effect that extra fat has on the metabolism of glucose.

A: Because the extra fat is pushing on the pancreas making it hard to work, so you become resistant to the insulin. Then the insulin isn’t there to lower your sugar so it gets all outa whack.

Q: Is it right to consume honey while I have diabetes mellitus type 2?
sugar is strictly forbidden for diabetes patients but some alternative medicine mix honey to their medicine

A: Count your carbs as usual.

Q: Is too much sugar directly responsible for diabetes mellitus type 2?
To avoid sugar after the onset of diabetes mellitus is well known… but could avoiding sugar before the onset of the disease reduce the occurence of the disease… if so whats the pathophysiology….

A: No, too much sugar is NOT responsible for diabetes. And after the onset of type 2 it is important to reduce carbohydrates, sugar just happens to be one. It is just as important to watch how much rice or potatoes or white bread or milk is consumed as it is sugar.

Also “Fully” needs to work on her facts and stop going to “that place where all the people go that know nothing about diabetes” because her “facts” are wrong! She may be a type 1 diabetic but that does not make her an expert on diabetes.

Type 2 is a type of diabetes mellitus and is not brought on by bad diet, obesity, lifestyle etc, but is a genetic or hereditary disease.

Q: What does obesity have to do with diabetes mellitus type 2 and why ?

A: Obesity is a sign that you’ve had “metabolic syndrome” for too long and that you’re overworking your endocrine system which causes excess fat storage and “insulin resistance”. For those who are genetically susceptible, you can become type two diabetic as a result. FYI, you don’t have to be obese to become type two diabetic. You do have to eat a lot of crappy food, though. It’s a bit more complicated than that and if you’re really interested, you can read the articles in the source box below:

Q: statistics for diabetes mellitus type 2 in childrens of arabian gulf countries?
statistics for diabetes mellitus type 2 in childrens of developing arabian gulf countries (chart)

A: Finding a chart for NIDDM in children for that area is going to be next to impossible. Suffice to say, you might be able to derive some useful info from this study:

http://darwin.nmsu.edu/~molbio/diabetes/disease.html

Bear in mind that NIDDM is increasing in all countries and all age groups where the population is adopting the western style of living…. eating crappy prepared foods and sitting around watching TV. Also bear in mind that in civilizations that adhere to the old world way of life, natural foods and high physical activity levels, don’t know what type two diabetes is.

All one has to do is look at the diets and daily activity levels of the various populations around the globe. India, in particular is an interesting study. Read this:

http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/18/stories/2004041803250500.htm

It’s the lousy food and lack of activity, folks.

Q: other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2?
anyone knows what are the other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 besides food and diet?

A: Do you mean, what else can cause a person to have type 2 diabetes besides having a poor diet?

Being fat, heavy, obese.
Lack of exercise.
Genetic predisposition (look up MODY mature onset diabetes of the young)
Ethnic makeup (indian, native american, hispanic)
Age.

You don’t have to be fat, not exercise, or eat a poor diet to get type 2 diabetes. Genetics plays a big role. I have known many fat, couch potatoes who have never had a sugar problem. They may be at risk for it, but never get it. Same thing with cancer. Not all smokers get lung cancer, and not everyone who gets lung cancer, smokes (like Dana Reeve).

Here is my brief experience with diabetes: My great-grandma was a Sioux indian off the reservation. My mother has had diabetes since 30. She has always been on insulin. She was a little chunky, but on fat. Her sugars can go up very high. She was just hospitalized this year with a sugar of 1420. My uncle died from complications of diabetes at 45. He was obese. I had gestational diabetes 3x. I was a size 2-4 when I failed my diabetes test. I had asked to be tested early (at 12 weeks instead of 26 weeks) because of my family history. The doctors told me I couldn’t possibly have it. They told me “Your thin, not old, and active. You couldn’t possibly have it.” I insisted. They gave me the test. I was right and they were wrong. I ‘ve had two 9 lb., one 10 lb., and one 11 lb. baby. Three of the babies were one week early.

Genetics play a big role.

Q: Is diabetes mellitus type 2 the same thing as diabetes type 2?
help, please . im a nursing student … a new one.. and trying to do some paperwork in someone who has diabetes type 2. i keep finding stuff that comes up diabetes mellitus type 2…is it the same thing as regular diabetes type 2???? i’m confused.

A: yes

Q: How LADA is misdiagnosed as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

A: Patients with LADA may lack some of the type 2 diabetes symptoms. These could include age, obesity, and the difficulty in achieving glycaemic control using standard oral hypoglycaemic agents. If these are lacking from diagnosis, it is quite possible that the patient has LADA. LADA is more typical of the immune markers common to type 2 diabetes, yet in its early stages does not require insulin.

Patients in the early stages of LADA may also lack ketoacidosis symptoms. However, there may be a more rapid progression to requiring insulin amongst LADA patients when compared to normal type 2 diabetics. LADA patients share features common to both type 1 and type 2 diabetics.

Much more info in link.

Q: what is the different of treatment between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2?
pharmacology and non-pharmacology… thanks…

A: Diabetes 1 your body produces no insulin and you must take insulin to keep your blood sugar under control (diet, excercise and oral hypoglycemics will sometimes be given to help control sugars).

Diabetes 2 your body does not produce enough insulin so treatment is aimed at helping your body control sugar … start by controlling diet, then add oral hypoglycemics (metformin, glyburide, avandia etc…) and insulin only if necessary.

HbAic test to see wether treatment is helping with longterm sugar control.

Hope this helps,

C

Q: What’s the latest news on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2? When do you subject your kids for testing for diabetes?
At age 40, i suffered from blurred vision and since this condition is very dangerous (i commute to and from work every day). I went to a doctor and was made to undergo test. It’s at this point when i was told that i am a diabetic. It has been 3 years and taking medications has been a part of my daily routine since then. I have been very good in following my doctor but i wish to gain more updates on my ailment. I also hope there is someone who can advise on the chance of my kids inheriting diabetes (i have two kids – boys 12 and 7 y/o)

A: He’s an answer I did not copy and paste from the Internet.

Your children will have a higher risk or Type II diabetes because it is in their family. But it can be avoided by them if they maintain healthy eating habits and stay active. They should also avoid excessive drinking later in life. They should not be at risk now unless they are obese. Type II is on the rise with our youth because of the electronic babysitter and over indulgence of junk food and soda. If you teach your children proper eating habits now they can carry that through as adults and they will be fine. Type II runs in my family – 2 uncles and my grandfather. As long as the rest of us stay active and eat healthy we will be fine.

Good luck to you and your family.

Q: Discuss Diabetes mellitus and distinguish between the 2 types?
need a long essay type answer in this thanks

A: try going on this site
http://www.wsiat.on.ca/english/wsiatDocs/mlo/diabetes_screen.htm
it helps a lot

Q: How would you explain diabetes mellitus type 1 to an 8 year old?
Do you have any online resources, etc, that I could use?

A: Indigo! It is the most common form of diabetes in children: 90-95 per cent of under 16s with diabetes have this type.

It is caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin.

Type 1 diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease, meaning a condition in which the body’s immune system ‘attacks’ one of the body’s own tissues or organs.

In Type 1 diabetes it’s the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas that are destroyed.

the cause of childhood diabetes is not understood. It probably involves a combination of genes and environmental triggers.

The majority of children who develop Type 1 don’t have a family history of diabetes.

The main symptoms are the same as in adults. They tend to come on over a few weeks:

thirst

weight loss

tiredness

frequent urination.

Symptoms that are more typical for children include:

tummy pains

headaches

behaviour problems.

The specialised nature of managing childhood diabetes means that most children are cared for by the hospital rather than by their GP.

Most children with diabetes need insulin treatment. If this is the case, your child will need an individual insulin routine, which will be planned with the diabetes team.

Most now use frequent daily dosage regimes of fast-acting insulin during the day and slow-acting insulin at night.

Very small children normally don’t need an injection at night, but will need one as they grow older.

Increasing numbers of older children use continuous insulin pumps.

Often in the first year after diagnosis, your child may need only a small dose of insulin. This is referred to as ‘the honeymoon period’.

As well as insulin treatment, good glucose control and avoidance of ‘hypos’ (low blood glucose attacks) is important. This is because many of the complications of diabetes increase with the length of time diabetes has been present.

For more info visit

http://www.reddiabetes.com

Q: what are the normal blood glucose levels for a person with diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2?
normal blood glucose levels for an average perso n is approximately 90mg/100ml. can anyone tell me the BGL for a person with diabetes mellitus?

A: There are various methods to determine blood glucose level. Some tests give you accurate diagnosis of diabetes or pre-diabetes, while others will tell you how well you are managing your diabetes.

Fasting Blood Sugar Test:
Measures the blood sugar level after 8 hours fast or overnight. Normal fasting blood glucose level is less than 100mg/dl. If your fasting blood glucose level is from 100mg/dl to 125mg/dl then you will have impaired blood glucose level also known as Pre-Diabetes. If your blood glucose level is above 125mg/dl then your doctor will diagnose as a patient of diabetes. To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may repeat the fasting blood glucose test on any other day. If you have blood glucose level of 126mg/dl or higher in two consecutive tests, then you may have diabetes. If you have blood glucose level greater than 200mg/dl and you have symptoms of diabetes like increased thirst or hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision etc, then you may be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus without confirming it with second test.

Random Blood Glucose Test:
Random blood Glucose test gives your blood sugar at any time in a day. Normal random blood sugar level should be less than 200mg/dl. If your random blood glucose level is between 140mg/dl to 200mg/dl then you will have pre-diabetes.

Oral glucose tolerance test
This test measures your response to sugar. First we measure fasting blood glucose level, and then glucose solution is given, after that we measure blood glucose after 1 hour and 2hours. A normal blood glucose level after an oral glucose tolerance test is less than 140 mg/dL. Level between 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL suggests pre-diabetes. A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher two hours after you drink the glucose solution may suggest that you have diabetes mellitus.

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
This test is not for diagnosing diabetes, but it shows you how well you have controlled your sugar in last 2 or 3 months. Normal value is less than 7%, however if it is more than 7 then you and your doctor should think of changing your treatment of diabetes.

Always Remember, your blood glucose measurement alone is not enough to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Your doctor may do some other tests to find out which type of diabetes you have.

That it , there the same.

Q: how is diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with obescity?
i would like to know the effect that extra fat has on the metabolism of glucose.

A: Because the extra fat is pushing on the pancreas making it hard to work, so you become resistant to the insulin. Then the insulin isn’t there to lower your sugar so it gets all outa whack.

Q: Is diabetes mellitus type 2 the same thing as diabetes type 2?
help, please . im a nursing student … a new one.. and trying to do some paperwork in someone who has diabetes type 2. i keep finding stuff that comes up diabetes mellitus type 2…is it the same thing as regular diabetes type 2???? i’m confused.

A: yes

Q: What complications or disease can arise from Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, child onset?
and how does diabetes cause these complications or diseases?

A: kidney problems,blindness,poor circulation,poor wound healing,amputation of legs, arms,feet and heart problems.

Q: Is it right to consume honey while I have diabetes mellitus type 2?
sugar is strictly forbidden for diabetes patients but some alternative medicine mix honey to their medicine

A: Count your carbs as usual.

Q: Is too much sugar directly responsible for diabetes mellitus type 2?
To avoid sugar after the onset of diabetes mellitus is well known… but could avoiding sugar before the onset of the disease reduce the occurence of the disease… if so whats the pathophysiology….

A: No, too much sugar is NOT responsible for diabetes. And after the onset of type 2 it is important to reduce carbohydrates, sugar just happens to be one. It is just as important to watch how much rice or potatoes or white bread or milk is consumed as it is sugar.

Also “Fully” needs to work on her facts and stop going to “that place where all the people go that know nothing about diabetes” because her “facts” are wrong! She may be a type 1 diabetic but that does not make her an expert on diabetes.

Type 2 is a type of diabetes mellitus and is not brought on by bad diet, obesity, lifestyle etc, but is a genetic or hereditary disease.

Q: What does obesity have to do with diabetes mellitus type 2 and why ?

A: Obesity is a sign that you’ve had “metabolic syndrome” for too long and that you’re overworking your endocrine system which causes excess fat storage and “insulin resistance”. For those who are genetically susceptible, you can become type two diabetic as a result. FYI, you don’t have to be obese to become type two diabetic. You do have to eat a lot of crappy food, though. It’s a bit more complicated than that and if you’re really interested, you can read the articles in the source box below:

Q: statistics for diabetes mellitus type 2 in childrens of arabian gulf countries?
statistics for diabetes mellitus type 2 in childrens of developing arabian gulf countries (chart)

A: Finding a chart for NIDDM in children for that area is going to be next to impossible. Suffice to say, you might be able to derive some useful info from this study:

http://darwin.nmsu.edu/~molbio/diabetes/disease.html

Bear in mind that NIDDM is increasing in all countries and all age groups where the population is adopting the western style of living…. eating crappy prepared foods and sitting around watching TV. Also bear in mind that in civilizations that adhere to the old world way of life, natural foods and high physical activity levels, don’t know what type two diabetes is.

All one has to do is look at the diets and daily activity levels of the various populations around the globe. India, in particular is an interesting study. Read this:

http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/18/stories/2004041803250500.htm

It’s the lousy food and lack of activity, folks.

Q: other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2?
anyone knows what are the other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 besides food and diet?

A: Do you mean, what else can cause a person to have type 2 diabetes besides having a poor diet?

Being fat, heavy, obese.
Lack of exercise.
Genetic predisposition (look up MODY mature onset diabetes of the young)
Ethnic makeup (indian, native american, hispanic)
Age.

You don’t have to be fat, not exercise, or eat a poor diet to get type 2 diabetes. Genetics plays a big role. I have known many fat, couch potatoes who have never had a sugar problem. They may be at risk for it, but never get it. Same thing with cancer. Not all smokers get lung cancer, and not everyone who gets lung cancer, smokes (like Dana Reeve).

Here is my brief experience with diabetes: My great-grandma was a Sioux indian off the reservation. My mother has had diabetes since 30. She has always been on insulin. She was a little chunky, but on fat. Her sugars can go up very high. She was just hospitalized this year with a sugar of 1420. My uncle died from complications of diabetes at 45. He was obese. I had gestational diabetes 3x. I was a size 2-4 when I failed my diabetes test. I had asked to be tested early (at 12 weeks instead of 26 weeks) because of my family history. The doctors told me I couldn’t possibly have it. They told me “Your thin, not old, and active. You couldn’t possibly have it.” I insisted. They gave me the test. I was right and they were wrong. I ‘ve had two 9 lb., one 10 lb., and one 11 lb. baby. Three of the babies were one week early.

Genetics play a big role.

Q: what is the different of treatment between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2?
pharmacology and non-pharmacology… thanks…

A: Diabetes 1 your body produces no insulin and you must take insulin to keep your blood sugar under control (diet, excercise and oral hypoglycemics will sometimes be given to help control sugars).

Diabetes 2 your body does not produce enough insulin so treatment is aimed at helping your body control sugar … start by controlling diet, then add oral hypoglycemics (metformin, glyburide, avandia etc…) and insulin only if necessary.

HbAic test to see wether treatment is helping with longterm sugar control.

Hope this helps,

C

Q: What’s the latest news on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2? When do you subject your kids for testing for diabetes?
At age 40, i suffered from blurred vision and since this condition is very dangerous (i commute to and from work every day). I went to a doctor and was made to undergo test. It’s at this point when i was told that i am a diabetic. It has been 3 years and taking medications has been a part of my daily routine since then. I have been very good in following my doctor but i wish to gain more updates on my ailment. I also hope there is someone who can advise on the chance of my kids inheriting diabetes (i have two kids – boys 12 and 7 y/o)

A: He’s an answer I did not copy and paste from the Internet.

Your children will have a higher risk or Type II diabetes because it is in their family. But it can be avoided by them if they maintain healthy eating habits and stay active. They should also avoid excessive drinking later in life. They should not be at risk now unless they are obese. Type II is on the rise with our youth because of the electronic babysitter and over indulgence of junk food and soda. If you teach your children proper eating habits now they can carry that through as adults and they will be fine. Type II runs in my family – 2 uncles and my grandfather. As long as the rest of us stay active and eat healthy we will be fine.

Good luck to you and your family.

Q: Several plants are used for controlling diabetes mellitus type 2.Which are the top two plants effective?
The common plants used are:bittermelon,gymnema,tinospora,margosa,ivy guard,holy fruit tree,pomegranate,holy basil,barmuda grass.indian pennywort,fenugreek etc,Which are the top two plants effective in controlling diabetes melitus type 2

A: Unfortunately, plants will not cure or treat diabetes.
You need medication, diet and exercise to treat diabetes.
Nothing will cure it.
Come out of the garden and go to a doctor.

Good luck.

Q: How does type 1 diabetes mellitus differ from type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A: Gary B said it nicely, but I would like to add and correct a few things:

Type 1. The pancreas is working just fine for a diabetic (for the most part) and only the Beta cells are destroyed by ones own immune system. That can be from various causes (I for example got that as a chickenpox complication). The risk for immediate death isn’t all that high and you will 100% notice the increase of BG levels in time to act on it due to excessive thirst and urination followed by puking, headache and sweating.

Type 2 makes insulin like normal, but it’s either not enough for fat or the organism becomes somewhat resistant to insulin and cannot use it effectively on it’s own. That is treated by medicine that boosts the organisms insulin intake. You can get it from obesity and lack of exercise or sometimes in old age. This can also evolve into a insulin dependant type 2 diabetes.

Q: Diabetes Mellitus type 1 ( IDDM)?
what is the age of the oldest person that you know of that has/had Diabetes type 1?
what complications (if any) did they suffer from?
did the complications cause their death, if they have already died?

A: There are some interesting findings on how chocolate can help with diabetes, type 1 & 2.
RAW chocolate helps with inflammation of the cells. Through clinical trials they determined that the cells became more receptive to insulin (type 2) and that the beta cells(in the pancreas?) began to secrete some insulin again (type 1).
Chocolate is amazing in it’s raw natural form. The commercial candy companies took a perfect product and messed it all up.
It must be raw (uncooked). Heating it kills most of the beneficial nutrients.
This chocolate is raw, it is not bitter. It is wonderful.
My niece has type 1 and has added this to her diet.
I firmly believe that our bodies naturally crave to be balanced and healthy. We need to find the right things to help with that process.

Also, Yes, this chocolate is recommended for diabetics.
No refined sugar, no caffeine, no preservatives, no waxes or fats added.
They combine the two most powerful antioxidant foods on the earth, cocoa and acai berry.

Take a look at these two sites.

www.mydrchocolate.com
www.eatwellchocolates.com

email me if you would like to talk more.

Q: Is diabetes mellitus type 2 the same thing as diabetes type 2?
help, please . im a nursing student … a new one.. and trying to do some paperwork in someone who has diabetes type 2. i keep finding stuff that comes up diabetes mellitus type 2…is it the same thing as regular diabetes type 2???? i’m confused.

A: yes

Q: what are the normal blood glucose levels for a person with diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2?
normal blood glucose levels for an average perso n is approximately 90mg/100ml. can anyone tell me the BGL for a person with diabetes mellitus?

A: There are various methods to determine blood glucose level. Some tests give you accurate diagnosis of diabetes or pre-diabetes, while others will tell you how well you are managing your diabetes.

Fasting Blood Sugar Test:
Measures the blood sugar level after 8 hours fast or overnight. Normal fasting blood glucose level is less than 100mg/dl. If your fasting blood glucose level is from 100mg/dl to 125mg/dl then you will have impaired blood glucose level also known as Pre-Diabetes. If your blood glucose level is above 125mg/dl then your doctor will diagnose as a patient of diabetes. To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may repeat the fasting blood glucose test on any other day. If you have blood glucose level of 126mg/dl or higher in two consecutive tests, then you may have diabetes. If you have blood glucose level greater than 200mg/dl and you have symptoms of diabetes like increased thirst or hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision etc, then you may be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus without confirming it with second test.

Random Blood Glucose Test:
Random blood Glucose test gives your blood sugar at any time in a day. Normal random blood sugar level should be less than 200mg/dl. If your random blood glucose level is between 140mg/dl to 200mg/dl then you will have pre-diabetes.

Oral glucose tolerance test
This test measures your response to sugar. First we measure fasting blood glucose level, and then glucose solution is given, after that we measure blood glucose after 1 hour and 2hours. A normal blood glucose level after an oral glucose tolerance test is less than 140 mg/dL. Level between 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL suggests pre-diabetes. A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher two hours after you drink the glucose solution may suggest that you have diabetes mellitus.

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
This test is not for diagnosing diabetes, but it shows you how well you have controlled your sugar in last 2 or 3 months. Normal value is less than 7%, however if it is more than 7 then you and your doctor should think of changing your treatment of diabetes.

Always Remember, your blood glucose measurement alone is not enough to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Your doctor may do some other tests to find out which type of diabetes you have.

That it , there the same.

Q: how is diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with obescity?
i would like to know the effect that extra fat has on the metabolism of glucose.

A: Because the extra fat is pushing on the pancreas making it hard to work, so you become resistant to the insulin. Then the insulin isn’t there to lower your sugar so it gets all outa whack.

Q: statistics for diabetes mellitus type 2 in childrens of arabian gulf countries?
statistics for diabetes mellitus type 2 in childrens of developing arabian gulf countries (chart)

A: Finding a chart for NIDDM in children for that area is going to be next to impossible. Suffice to say, you might be able to derive some useful info from this study:

http://darwin.nmsu.edu/~molbio/diabetes/disease.html

Bear in mind that NIDDM is increasing in all countries and all age groups where the population is adopting the western style of living…. eating crappy prepared foods and sitting around watching TV. Also bear in mind that in civilizations that adhere to the old world way of life, natural foods and high physical activity levels, don’t know what type two diabetes is.

All one has to do is look at the diets and daily activity levels of the various populations around the globe. India, in particular is an interesting study. Read this:

http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/18/stories/2004041803250500.htm

It’s the lousy food and lack of activity, folks.

Q: Is it right to consume honey while I have diabetes mellitus type 2?
sugar is strictly forbidden for diabetes patients but some alternative medicine mix honey to their medicine

A: Count your carbs as usual.

Q: other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2?
anyone knows what are the other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 besides food and diet?

A: Do you mean, what else can cause a person to have type 2 diabetes besides having a poor diet?

Being fat, heavy, obese.
Lack of exercise.
Genetic predisposition (look up MODY mature onset diabetes of the young)
Ethnic makeup (indian, native american, hispanic)
Age.

You don’t have to be fat, not exercise, or eat a poor diet to get type 2 diabetes. Genetics plays a big role. I have known many fat, couch potatoes who have never had a sugar problem. They may be at risk for it, but never get it. Same thing with cancer. Not all smokers get lung cancer, and not everyone who gets lung cancer, smokes (like Dana Reeve).

Here is my brief experience with diabetes: My great-grandma was a Sioux indian off the reservation. My mother has had diabetes since 30. She has always been on insulin. She was a little chunky, but on fat. Her sugars can go up very high. She was just hospitalized this year with a sugar of 1420. My uncle died from complications of diabetes at 45. He was obese. I had gestational diabetes 3x. I was a size 2-4 when I failed my diabetes test. I had asked to be tested early (at 12 weeks instead of 26 weeks) because of my family history. The doctors told me I couldn’t possibly have it. They told me “Your thin, not old, and active. You couldn’t possibly have it.” I insisted. They gave me the test. I was right and they were wrong. I ‘ve had two 9 lb., one 10 lb., and one 11 lb. baby. Three of the babies were one week early.

Genetics play a big role.

Q: Is too much sugar directly responsible for diabetes mellitus type 2?
To avoid sugar after the onset of diabetes mellitus is well known… but could avoiding sugar before the onset of the disease reduce the occurence of the disease… if so whats the pathophysiology….

A: No, too much sugar is NOT responsible for diabetes. And after the onset of type 2 it is important to reduce carbohydrates, sugar just happens to be one. It is just as important to watch how much rice or potatoes or white bread or milk is consumed as it is sugar.

Also “Fully” needs to work on her facts and stop going to “that place where all the people go that know nothing about diabetes” because her “facts” are wrong! She may be a type 1 diabetic but that does not make her an expert on diabetes.

Type 2 is a type of diabetes mellitus and is not brought on by bad diet, obesity, lifestyle etc, but is a genetic or hereditary disease.

Q: What does obesity have to do with diabetes mellitus type 2 and why ?

A: Obesity is a sign that you’ve had “metabolic syndrome” for too long and that you’re overworking your endocrine system which causes excess fat storage and “insulin resistance”. For those who are genetically susceptible, you can become type two diabetic as a result. FYI, you don’t have to be obese to become type two diabetic. You do have to eat a lot of crappy food, though. It’s a bit more complicated than that and if you’re really interested, you can read the articles in the source box below:

Q: what is the different of treatment between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2?
pharmacology and non-pharmacology… thanks…

A: Diabetes 1 your body produces no insulin and you must take insulin to keep your blood sugar under control (diet, excercise and oral hypoglycemics will sometimes be given to help control sugars).

Diabetes 2 your body does not produce enough insulin so treatment is aimed at helping your body control sugar … start by controlling diet, then add oral hypoglycemics (metformin, glyburide, avandia etc…) and insulin only if necessary.

HbAic test to see wether treatment is helping with longterm sugar control.

Hope this helps,

C

Q: Several plants are used for controlling diabetes mellitus type 2.Which are the top two plants effective?
The common plants used are:bittermelon,gymnema,tinospora,margosa,ivy guard,holy fruit tree,pomegranate,holy basil,barmuda grass.indian pennywort,fenugreek etc,Which are the top two plants effective in controlling diabetes melitus type 2

A: Unfortunately, plants will not cure or treat diabetes.
You need medication, diet and exercise to treat diabetes.
Nothing will cure it.
Come out of the garden and go to a doctor.

Good luck.

Q: What’s the latest news on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2? When do you subject your kids for testing for diabetes?
At age 40, i suffered from blurred vision and since this condition is very dangerous (i commute to and from work every day). I went to a doctor and was made to undergo test. It’s at this point when i was told that i am a diabetic. It has been 3 years and taking medications has been a part of my daily routine since then. I have been very good in following my doctor but i wish to gain more updates on my ailment. I also hope there is someone who can advise on the chance of my kids inheriting diabetes (i have two kids – boys 12 and 7 y/o)

A: He’s an answer I did not copy and paste from the Internet.

Your children will have a higher risk or Type II diabetes because it is in their family. But it can be avoided by them if they maintain healthy eating habits and stay active. They should also avoid excessive drinking later in life. They should not be at risk now unless they are obese. Type II is on the rise with our youth because of the electronic babysitter and over indulgence of junk food and soda. If you teach your children proper eating habits now they can carry that through as adults and they will be fine. Type II runs in my family – 2 uncles and my grandfather. As long as the rest of us stay active and eat healthy we will be fine.

Good luck to you and your family.

Q: i’m not going to lie, i need homework help on the genetic basis of diabetes mellitus type 2?
i need to collect some data and i need 2 good resources. if anyone can help, that would be great.

thanks

A: Try this article.

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/431055/insulin_obesity_and_exercise_relationships.html

Q: what is the connection of diabetes mellitus type 2 to community acquired pneumonia?
community acquired pneumonia

A: The immune system of diabetic patients is a little impaired, leaving them susceptible to infections and they have poorer circulation than average, making it harder for them to send white blood cells into an area to fight infection and send red cells, sugars and amino acids into an area for repair and rebuilding.

Q: give the main signs,symtoms,causes and treatment of these diseases.Asthama,Diabetes mellitus type 2.?

A: All foods are converted into glucose by the body.
Fats in 6-8 hours or more, Proteins (meat,eggs,beans) in 3-4 hours, and Carbohydrates in 30 minutes. Carbohydrates include starches such as rice, pasta, breads and cereals.
A proper diet will combine fats, carbohydrates, and proteins at each meal, to provide nutrients and create an even release of glucose into the blood. Whole Grain carbohydrates turn into sugar slowly and help keep the blood sugar stable.
Avoid sugar and high amounts of carbohydrates. Eat moderate, balanced meals at regular times. Losing weight helps control Diabetes.

Q: How does type 1 diabetes mellitus differ from type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A: Gary B said it nicely, but I would like to add and correct a few things:

Type 1. The pancreas is working just fine for a diabetic (for the most part) and only the Beta cells are destroyed by ones own immune system. That can be from various causes (I for example got that as a chickenpox complication). The risk for immediate death isn’t all that high and you will 100% notice the increase of BG levels in time to act on it due to excessive thirst and urination followed by puking, headache and sweating.

Type 2 makes insulin like normal, but it’s either not enough for fat or the organism becomes somewhat resistant to insulin and cannot use it effectively on it’s own. That is treated by medicine that boosts the organisms insulin intake. You can get it from obesity and lack of exercise or sometimes in old age. This can also evolve into a insulin dependant type 2 diabetes.

Q: what is the different of treatment between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2?
pharmacology and non-pharmacology… thanks…

A: Diabetes 1 your body produces no insulin and you must take insulin to keep your blood sugar under control (diet, excercise and oral hypoglycemics will sometimes be given to help control sugars).

Diabetes 2 your body does not produce enough insulin so treatment is aimed at helping your body control sugar … start by controlling diet, then add oral hypoglycemics (metformin, glyburide, avandia etc…) and insulin only if necessary.

HbAic test to see wether treatment is helping with longterm sugar control.

Hope this helps,

C

Q: can u help the effects and treatment of the condition Diabetes Mellitus in relation to the failure of the body
can u help, the effects and treatment of the condition Daibetes Mellitus in relation to the failure of the body to maintain homeostasis.

A: Sure, get healthy with proper diet and exercise. It works wonders. http://www.geocities.com/seabulls69/Type_II_Diabetes.html

Q: effects and treatment of the Diabetes Mellitus in relation to the failure of the body to maintain homeostasis?

A: what is the ?

Q: where can i download an ARTICLE about “Dietary Strategies in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus; July 2009?
AN ARTICLE…

A: https://secure.aafp.org/login/

But you have to buy it.

Q: What are recommended treatments for diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

A: Diabetes mellitus – caused either by lack of insulin, or the body’s insensitivity to insulin. Treatment is dietary control, insulin injections and/or, in some cases, oral medications.

Diabetes insipidus – caused by lack of ADH (central DI) or by kidney insensitivity to ADH (nephrogenic DI). Treatment of central DI is regulation of water intake, and DDAVP (synthetic ADH); in the nephrogenic kind, salt restriction and a thiazide diuretic (medicine that makes you pee) are used

Q: Suggest herbal treatment for German Shepherd for Cataract and Diabetes mellitus?

A: Do not screw around with diabetes, your dog will die or go into a coma and die a painful death. Use the medications your vet recommends. There is nothign you can do for cataracts.

Q: The treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus may include..?
A frequent ingestion of candy.

B glycogen injections.

C administration of digestive enzymes.

D pancreatic islet transplantation.

E liver transplantation.

A: B and D…
You might need glycogen injections if you get too much insulin and the blood sugar gets too low. There is such a thing as pancreas transplant and that would include islet cells.

Q: give the main signs,symtoms,causes and treatment of these diseases.Asthama,Diabetes mellitus type 2.?

A: All foods are converted into glucose by the body.
Fats in 6-8 hours or more, Proteins (meat,eggs,beans) in 3-4 hours, and Carbohydrates in 30 minutes. Carbohydrates include starches such as rice, pasta, breads and cereals.
A proper diet will combine fats, carbohydrates, and proteins at each meal, to provide nutrients and create an even release of glucose into the blood. Whole Grain carbohydrates turn into sugar slowly and help keep the blood sugar stable.
Avoid sugar and high amounts of carbohydrates. Eat moderate, balanced meals at regular times. Losing weight helps control Diabetes.

Q: diabetes Mellitus?
what are the main medications used in the treatment of this disease.. please

A: hi you
the main medication used is insulin then it goes on what type you are and how bad/out of control it so it is any thing from tablets up to insulin

Q: what are the possible treatments for diabetes mellitus?

A: type 1- is treated with diet and insulin injections.
type 2- Is mostly treated with diet and exercise, but in severe cases is also treated with insulin injections.
They are both over seen by a physician!

Q: Diabetes Mellitus and Insipidus?
What are recommended treatments for Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus?

A: Treatment
Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment of diabetes involves diet, exercise, education, and, for most people, drugs. If people with diabetes strictly control blood sugar levels, complications are less likely to develop. The goal of diabetes treatment, therefore, is to keep blood sugar levels within the normal range as much as possible. Treatment of high blood pressure and cholesterol levels can prevent some of the complications of diabetes as well. A low dose of aspirin Some Trade Names
BAYER taken daily is also helpful.

http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec13/ch165/ch165a.html

Q: Does anybody know of any alternative treatments to insulin therapy for Diabetes Mellitus in animals?

A: no

Æ

Q: Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus this is my first time to make one. Help.?
Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: The pathophysiology is basically this (although there’s far more to it)… too high an intake of carbohydrates combined with insufficient exercise resulting in excess triglycerides with resultant insulin resistance, and excess buildup of blood glucose resulting in all kinds of system failures.

This is not an easy thing to adequately answer here . Maybe if you read this: http://www.naturalnews.com/025405.html

Q: Discuss the patient’s diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. How would you diagnosis a child with this?
Case Study #1: Diabetes

Hannah is a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. She is a 4th grade student at Hendricks Elementary School. Prior to her diagnosis, Hannah was very involved in sports and played on the girls volleyball team. Her mother is concerned about how the diagnosis will affect Hannah.

1. Discuss the patient’s diagnosis. Include a definition of the actual disease or condition.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus once known as “juvenile onset” diabetes or “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,” is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or faulty use of insulin by the cells. Insulin is a hormone needed to convert sugar (glucose) into energy. Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence.

2. Identify the factors which could have caused or lead to the particular disease or condition.

3. Describe the signs and symptoms which are associated with the disease or condition.

4. Discuss the diagnostic testing that is usually performed in order to formally diagnose the particular disease or condition.

5. Identify the appropriate treatment (including therapies, medications, etc) which the patient may be prescribed for his/her particular diagnosis.

6. Discuss potential barriers to therapy which the patient may experience due to their unique situation.

7. Discuss alternative treatments which may also benefit the patient.

8. Describe the typical prognosis for a patient with the disease or condition.

9. Identify patient teaching which would benefit the patient in your case study.

I have to do a paper for school and looking for a good website to answer these question.

A: WWW.diabetes.org is the official website for the American Diabetes Assoc.

Q: Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: You need a nurses care plan guide and your nurses diagnosis handbook they will guide you through these. Don’t get all shook up. Just take each step by itself and then move to the next one. I was nervous the first time too. They aren’t that hard after the first couple are behind you.

Q: How would you explain diabetes mellitus type 1 to an 8 year old?
Do you have any online resources, etc, that I could use?

A: Indigo! It is the most common form of diabetes in children: 90-95 per cent of under 16s with diabetes have this type.

It is caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin.

Type 1 diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease, meaning a condition in which the body’s immune system ‘attacks’ one of the body’s own tissues or organs.

In Type 1 diabetes it’s the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas that are destroyed.

the cause of childhood diabetes is not understood. It probably involves a combination of genes and environmental triggers.

The majority of children who develop Type 1 don’t have a family history of diabetes.

The main symptoms are the same as in adults. They tend to come on over a few weeks:

thirst

weight loss

tiredness

frequent urination.

Symptoms that are more typical for children include:

tummy pains

headaches

behaviour problems.

The specialised nature of managing childhood diabetes means that most children are cared for by the hospital rather than by their GP.

Most children with diabetes need insulin treatment. If this is the case, your child will need an individual insulin routine, which will be planned with the diabetes team.

Most now use frequent daily dosage regimes of fast-acting insulin during the day and slow-acting insulin at night.

Very small children normally don’t need an injection at night, but will need one as they grow older.

Increasing numbers of older children use continuous insulin pumps.

Often in the first year after diagnosis, your child may need only a small dose of insulin. This is referred to as ‘the honeymoon period’.

As well as insulin treatment, good glucose control and avoidance of ‘hypos’ (low blood glucose attacks) is important. This is because many of the complications of diabetes increase with the length of time diabetes has been present.

For more info visit

http://www.reddiabetes.com

Q: what are the normal blood glucose levels for a person with diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2?
normal blood glucose levels for an average perso n is approximately 90mg/100ml. can anyone tell me the BGL for a person with diabetes mellitus?

A: There are various methods to determine blood glucose level. Some tests give you accurate diagnosis of diabetes or pre-diabetes, while others will tell you how well you are managing your diabetes.

Fasting Blood Sugar Test:
Measures the blood sugar level after 8 hours fast or overnight. Normal fasting blood glucose level is less than 100mg/dl. If your fasting blood glucose level is from 100mg/dl to 125mg/dl then you will have impaired blood glucose level also known as Pre-Diabetes. If your blood glucose level is above 125mg/dl then your doctor will diagnose as a patient of diabetes. To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may repeat the fasting blood glucose test on any other day. If you have blood glucose level of 126mg/dl or higher in two consecutive tests, then you may have diabetes. If you have blood glucose level greater than 200mg/dl and you have symptoms of diabetes like increased thirst or hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision etc, then you may be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus without confirming it with second test.

Random Blood Glucose Test:
Random blood Glucose test gives your blood sugar at any time in a day. Normal random blood sugar level should be less than 200mg/dl. If your random blood glucose level is between 140mg/dl to 200mg/dl then you will have pre-diabetes.

Oral glucose tolerance test
This test measures your response to sugar. First we measure fasting blood glucose level, and then glucose solution is given, after that we measure blood glucose after 1 hour and 2hours. A normal blood glucose level after an oral glucose tolerance test is less than 140 mg/dL. Level between 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL suggests pre-diabetes. A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher two hours after you drink the glucose solution may suggest that you have diabetes mellitus.

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
This test is not for diagnosing diabetes, but it shows you how well you have controlled your sugar in last 2 or 3 months. Normal value is less than 7%, however if it is more than 7 then you and your doctor should think of changing your treatment of diabetes.

Always Remember, your blood glucose measurement alone is not enough to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Your doctor may do some other tests to find out which type of diabetes you have.

That it , there the same.

Q: What complications or disease can arise from Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, child onset?
and how does diabetes cause these complications or diseases?

A: kidney problems,blindness,poor circulation,poor wound healing,amputation of legs, arms,feet and heart problems.

Q: Diabetes Mellitus type 1 ( IDDM)?
what is the age of the oldest person that you know of that has/had Diabetes type 1?
what complications (if any) did they suffer from?
did the complications cause their death, if they have already died?

A: There are some interesting findings on how chocolate can help with diabetes, type 1 & 2.
RAW chocolate helps with inflammation of the cells. Through clinical trials they determined that the cells became more receptive to insulin (type 2) and that the beta cells(in the pancreas?) began to secrete some insulin again (type 1).
Chocolate is amazing in it’s raw natural form. The commercial candy companies took a perfect product and messed it all up.
It must be raw (uncooked). Heating it kills most of the beneficial nutrients.
This chocolate is raw, it is not bitter. It is wonderful.
My niece has type 1 and has added this to her diet.
I firmly believe that our bodies naturally crave to be balanced and healthy. We need to find the right things to help with that process.

Also, Yes, this chocolate is recommended for diabetics.
No refined sugar, no caffeine, no preservatives, no waxes or fats added.
They combine the two most powerful antioxidant foods on the earth, cocoa and acai berry.

Take a look at these two sites.

www.mydrchocolate.com
www.eatwellchocolates.com

email me if you would like to talk more.

Q: what is the different of treatment between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2?
pharmacology and non-pharmacology… thanks…

A: Diabetes 1 your body produces no insulin and you must take insulin to keep your blood sugar under control (diet, excercise and oral hypoglycemics will sometimes be given to help control sugars).

Diabetes 2 your body does not produce enough insulin so treatment is aimed at helping your body control sugar … start by controlling diet, then add oral hypoglycemics (metformin, glyburide, avandia etc…) and insulin only if necessary.

HbAic test to see wether treatment is helping with longterm sugar control.

Hope this helps,

C

Q: How does type 1 diabetes mellitus differ from type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A: Gary B said it nicely, but I would like to add and correct a few things:

Type 1. The pancreas is working just fine for a diabetic (for the most part) and only the Beta cells are destroyed by ones own immune system. That can be from various causes (I for example got that as a chickenpox complication). The risk for immediate death isn’t all that high and you will 100% notice the increase of BG levels in time to act on it due to excessive thirst and urination followed by puking, headache and sweating.

Type 2 makes insulin like normal, but it’s either not enough for fat or the organism becomes somewhat resistant to insulin and cannot use it effectively on it’s own. That is treated by medicine that boosts the organisms insulin intake. You can get it from obesity and lack of exercise or sometimes in old age. This can also evolve into a insulin dependant type 2 diabetes.

Q: what is the defect in the disease, diabetes mellitus Type 1?
does anyone know? ty

A: The defect in Type 1 Diabetes is that your pancreas produces either very very little insulin or no insulin at all. You need insulin to control your blood glucose (sugar) levels. This is vital to living. Type 1 Diabetes is also sometimes called childhood diabetes because it is often diagnosed early in life because you are either born with it or it develops very early on. It is not to be confused with Type 2 Diabetes, which often develops later in life, and is often developed as a result of poor health and eating habits and other things such as being overweight or clinically obese. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled sometimes with diet and exercise, or with pills. Doesnt necessarily need a shot and not all Type 2 diabetics need to take insulin. Type 1 diabetics MUST take insulin to live. They most likely have to take it in the form of a shot, sometimes once a day but alot of the times it’s multiple times a day. They must monitor their diet and health very closely. They often develop problems associated with the disease (i.e. problems with eyesight and blindness, renal insufficiency/failure, foot problems that can lead to the amputation of lower extremities) if it is not controlled carefully. Hope this helps you out.

Q: Explain why patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 lose weight?

A: Weight gain or loss. Because your body is trying to compensate for lost fluids and sugar, you may eat more than usual and gain weight. But the opposite also can occur. You may eat more than normal, but still lose weight because your muscle tissues don’t get enough glucose to generate growth and energy. This is especially true if you have type 1 diabetes, in which very little sugar gets into your cells. In fact, most people with type 1 diabetes are at or below their normal weight.

u can also go to this website to learn more of type 1 diabetes mellitus

http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/endo/brochures/diabetes_type1.pdf

Q: Diabetes mellitus type 1 is marked by low insulin levels. In the liver, low insulin levels lead to increased?
glucose due to the lack of conversion into glycogen. In fat and muscle cells, low insulin levels lead to increased glucose levels due to the lack of glucose transporters on the cell surface. Which of the following scenarios provides the best explanation for this?

a) Insulin uses different receptors to elicit different responses in liver as compared to muscle/fat cells
b) The insulin pathway that activates glucose transporters in muscle/fat cells deactivates glycogen biosynthesis in the liver
c) Muscle/fat cells and liver cells have different transducers and responders available to be utilized by the insulin pathway.
d) GLUT4 is only found in liver cells
e) Liver cells use G-protein coupled receptors while muscle/fat cells use tyrosine kinase receptors

A: In the absence of insulin, glucose remains in the blood and causes hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). The liver is unable to metabolize the glucose and turns on the pathways for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. These pathways then produce additional glucose from glycogen, amino acids and glycerol.

So in a nutshell the answer to your question is B.

Q: If Type 1 diabetes mellitus depend on external insulin for control, what did they do before insulin discovered?
did people just die???

A: Check out diabetes history on line.
It is very interesting.
Prior to the 1920s, kids with diabetes could only eat veggies boiled and rinsed 3X.
They usually starved to death.

I have a first addition book on diabetes by Dr. Joslin who clearly states that medication is of no help in controlling diabetes.

Q: Discuss the patient’s diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. How would you diagnosis a child with this?
Case Study #1: Diabetes

Hannah is a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. She is a 4th grade student at Hendricks Elementary School. Prior to her diagnosis, Hannah was very involved in sports and played on the girls volleyball team. Her mother is concerned about how the diagnosis will affect Hannah.

1. Discuss the patient’s diagnosis. Include a definition of the actual disease or condition.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus once known as “juvenile onset” diabetes or “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,” is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or faulty use of insulin by the cells. Insulin is a hormone needed to convert sugar (glucose) into energy. Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence.

2. Identify the factors which could have caused or lead to the particular disease or condition.

3. Describe the signs and symptoms which are associated with the disease or condition.

4. Discuss the diagnostic testing that is usually performed in order to formally diagnose the particular disease or condition.

5. Identify the appropriate treatment (including therapies, medications, etc) which the patient may be prescribed for his/her particular diagnosis.

6. Discuss potential barriers to therapy which the patient may experience due to their unique situation.

7. Discuss alternative treatments which may also benefit the patient.

8. Describe the typical prognosis for a patient with the disease or condition.

9. Identify patient teaching which would benefit the patient in your case study.

I have to do a paper for school and looking for a good website to answer these question.

A: WWW.diabetes.org is the official website for the American Diabetes Assoc.

Q: Type 1 diabetes mellitus _____.?
a. is the most common form of the disease; more than 90% of all diabetics have type 1 diabetes
b. is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks beta cells in the pancreas
c. is a common disorder in overweight individuals older than 40
d. can be controlled for many years with exercise and a proper diet
e. is treated by improving insulin receptor efficiency rather than by giving insulin

A: Type 1 is an autoimmune disease. The other answers refer to type 2 DM.
m

Q: which hormone is deficient in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients?

A: Insulin. In Type 1 diabetes mellitus, the cells of the pancreas produce little or no insulin to regulate blood glucose level appropriately. It can occur at any age, but usually starts in people younger than 30. It also has a strong genetic link.

Q: The treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus may include..?
A frequent ingestion of candy.

B glycogen injections.

C administration of digestive enzymes.

D pancreatic islet transplantation.

E liver transplantation.

A: B and D…
You might need glycogen injections if you get too much insulin and the blood sugar gets too low. There is such a thing as pancreas transplant and that would include islet cells.

Q: renal biopsy d/t diabetes type 1 mcq?
A 30-year-old woman has had type 1 diabetes mellitus for 15 years. She develops proteinuria and acute renal failure. Which of the following would a renal biopsy most likely show?
A. Fusion of podocyte foot processes in otherwise normal-appearing glomeruli
B. Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
C. Linear IgG deposits along the basement membrane
D. Ovoid hyaline masses in the periphery of the glomerulus
E. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, electron-dense deposits distributed along the epithelial side of the capillary basement membrane

i believe it’s e, b/c diabetics tend to form schiff base sugars that attach to proteins .
i don’t seem to think that this is a bad section for a problem….i know plenty of med students who use this…as there are docs, phds, and smart ppl (like myself) who want to study for step 1 but am only in my first semester…some of the questions i don’t know since i haven’t yet taken patho..BIG SHOCKER I KNOW. calm down and if you don’t know the answer, don’t answer.

A: A!

I bet you use Wikipeda too!

Q: What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
A. A failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb glucose from the urine
B. A failure of the villi of the intestine to absorb glucose from food
C. The body can’t switch from glucose metabolism to fat metabolism between meals.
D. The body’s cells can’t retain glucose absorbed from the blood.
E. The body’s cells can’t absorb enough glucose from the blood.

A: I believe it is E.
Insulin, which is secreted by the Pancreas, helps to control the amount of sugar in the bloodstream. When the Pancreas does not secrete enough Insulin or none at all, the sugar remains in the blood. Then the body tries to flush out all of the sugar by drinking and urinating- two key symptoms of diabetes.

Q: What are some symptoms of diabetes Mellitus?
cause sometimes i urinate3 to 7 times a day with 2 to 4 hours intervals in each urination and sometimes 30 minutes interval.. I drink alot of water maybe 2 to 3 liters a day cause i do tennis playing at least 3 hours a day and our country is very hot specially on lunch times.. is that normal??

A: Frequent urination : lead to dehydration because excreting the sugar carries a large amount of water out of the body along with it.

Unexplained weight loss occurs also because of losing sugar and water in the urine and the accompanying dehydration. weight loss occurs because body is unable to use those calories even tough consuming appropriate diet or even in excess amounts.

Extreme hunger or excessive eating : higher insulin levels lead to increased hunger and eating. one of the functions of the insulin is to stimulate hunger resulting. person might gain little or no weight despite excessive eating. body secretes more insulin to cope with increased sugar levels if body is able to produce insulin.

Sudden vision changes : might be there with high blood sugar.

Feeling very tired much of the time : the body is inefficient and sometimes unable to use glucose for fuel and the body uses body fat, partially or completely, as a fuel source. this process requires the body to use more energy resulting fatigueness or constantly tired.

Very dry skin : because of dehydration and frequent urination resulting in loss of water from the body along with various salts.

Sores that are slow to heal : when white blood cells don’t function properly, wounds take much longer to heal. high blood sugar levels prevent white blood cells to protect the body against infections preventing rapid healing.

More infections than usual : Infections: infections such as infections of the genitals, skin infections may result from suppression of the immune system by diabetes. and the glucose in the tissues allows bacteria to grow.

diabetes also cause tingling (eg feeling like crawling of ants over the skin) or numbness in hands or feet, and pain in the feet, legs and hands by damaging nerves in the limbs,

Excessive thirst : person with diabetes develops high blood sugar levels and the body tries to counteract this by diluting the blood, which translates into thirst and the body encourages more water consumption to dilute the high blood sugar back to normal levels and to compensate for the water lost by excessive urination.

Altered mental status: irritability, inattention, confusion or lethargy, or can all be signs of very high blood sugar or low blood sugar.

Q: what are the symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

A: DM has a lot of symptoms but the simplest answer is:

The “THREE Ps”

polyuria – you have to pee a lot
polydipsia – you’re always thirsty
polyphagia – you always have the urge to eat, even if you’ve only recently eaten

Any one of these symptoms could mean diabetes mellitus. So go to your MD.

Q: symptoms o diabetes mellitus include?
a. abnormal thrist
b. glucose in the urine
c. ketoacidosis
d weight loss
e. all of these

A: Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms
Diabetes, a disease that affects more than 23 million people in the United States according to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, is a condition in which the blood glucose (sugar) level is too high. There are two main types of diabetes. Type I is an autoimmune disease in which the body produces little to no insulin. Type II which is characterized by the body’s inability to use insulin effectively. The symptoms for type I and type II diabetes are the same, although some patients with type II diabetes do not exhibit any symptoms.
http://www.livestrong.com/article/76445-diabetes-mellitus-symptoms/
Frequent Urination
Excessive Thirst
Weight Loss
Extreme Hunger
Fatigue

Q: What are each of the symptoms that patients suffer from diabetes?
I am researching diabetes at school and I would like to know more about the different types of diabetes for example
Type 1 Diatbetes, Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

What are the symptoms they suffer and what do the patients of this disease discuss of these symptoms?

A: Treating diabetes is best carried out during the early stages of the disease when the consequences can still be controlled and minimized. Such an approach will require an early determination of diabetic symptoms. These diabetic symptoms are:

* Extreme and excessive thirst that is quite abnormal
* Hunger even when meals have recently been taken
* Frequent urination
* Fatigue easily creeps in
* Excessive weight loss at such a short period of time
* Smeared vision
* Nagging impatience that has recently been developed

If you are interested in more info on treatment for type 2 diabetes, you may wish to refer to this site : http://diabetic.best-health-remedy.com/

Q: what are the causes and symptoms of type1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus? compare.?

A: Diabetes is a serious, lifelong condition that affects an estimated 20.8 million people. About 30 percent (6.2 million) do not know they have it. Each year, about 1.5 million people find out they have diabetes (1) and probably have had the disease for seven years before it was diagnosed.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting the way the body uses digested food for growth and energy. As a person eats, digestive juices break down the food into a simple sugar called glucose. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body.
Diabetes GraphAfter digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream to be used by body cells for growth and energy. In order for glucose to get into the cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, an organ behind the stomach.

As food passes through the stomach, the pancreas is designed to automatically produce the right amount of insulin to move the glucose from the bloodstream into cells. In some people with diabetes the pancreas produces little to no insulin and in others the body cells do not respond to the available insulin. Still others have both defects. As a result glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body. The body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of glucose.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high levels of blood glucose and is associated with serious complications and premature death. With proper medical guidance much of this burden can be prevented with early detection, treatment and education.

The three most common forms of the disease are type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes

Although diabetes occurs most often in older adults, it is one of the most common chronic disorders in children in the United States. About 176,500 children, teenagers and young adults age 20 and younger have diabetes. This represents 0.22% of all people in this age group. The majority of young people with diabetes have type 1.(1)

Type 1, previously referred to as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), usually develops during childhood, adolescence, or during early adulthood and affects approximately 5 percent to 10 percent of all people with diabetes (1). Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a partial or complete loss of insulin producing beta cells as a result of an autoimmune disorder. Patients with Type 1 diabetes require daily injections of insulin. Although this disease affects only a small percentage of all people with diabetes, it is associated with a greater prevalence of premature complications and mortality than other forms of the disease.

Type 2 Diabetes

Most people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. The pancreas of people with type 2 diabetes makes insulin, but the body can’t use it very well.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity. African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, and some Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders are at particularly high risk for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is increasingly being diagnosed in children and adolescents. (1)

Type 2, previously defined as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the most common form, affecting 90 percent to 95 percent of all people who develop diabetes (1). An insulin deficiency or resistance characterizes type 2 diabetes. The symptoms of this disorder develop gradually and are often overlooked. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that nearly 30 percent of the people with type 2 diabetes are undiagnosed (1).

Q: Are my symptoms a sign of diabetes mellitus?
I have a sensation on my tongue, almost like a numbness or a coating over it. It started a couple of years ago on one side of my tongue and has now spread over the top of it. I am losing taste sensations to some foods..coffee, for one. I am almost 60 years old, feel tired a lot, have trouble standing from a squatting position, such as working in my garden or retrieving things from a low cabinet, have bouts of sweating…similar to hot flashes. I will see a doctor asap, but wanted to know if these are signs of diabetes. Anyone know?
Wow! I read a response to another question on signs of Diabetes and I think I may have it. I get really sleepy after eating, don’t seem to ever feel ‘full’..always still hungry, am often thirsty. Oh..I dread this, but will be glad to get the meds and education on it that I need to feel better. Thanks everyone.

A: Yes those are symptoms. My father experienced an iron taste in his mouth and numbness before he was officially diagnosed.

Q: It has to deal with Diabetes mellitus?
Some common symptoms of diabetes mellitus are increased urine output, excessive thirst, and elevated ketone levels (the byproducts of fat metabolism). Using your understanding of how the kidneys function and the body regulates blood sugar provide a physiological explanation for each.

HELP PLEASE!! explain in full details

A: Insulin is the carrier that lets glucose into the cell. When there is insulin deficiency, glucose will be abundant in blood and deficient in the cells. So the cells will depend on fats for energy. Ketones will be produced as a byproduct. High glucose in blood will cause a state of hyperosmolarity so the person will be thirsty. When he drink more water he will urinate more.

If you have more questions, u can post them in:

http://med50.blogspot.com/2010/04/patient-education-program.html

Q: why is hyperglycemia a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
Funny thing is I already knew all this, nice answers though

A: Liv, in diabetes mellitus the beta cells of the pancreas don’t 1) produce enough insulin, 2) produce any insulin or 3) produce a usable insulin. Insulin regulates the levels of glucose in the blood. If there is no insulin production, as in Type I, or little insulin production or insulin that cannot be used (such as with central obesity–fat is insulin resistant), as in Type II, then there is nothing to regulate and lower glucose levels in the blood. A higher than normal level of glucose is called hyperglycemia. That is why hyperglycemia is a symptom of IDDM Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) and NIDDM (Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus). I tried to keep it simple.

Q: what hormone imbalance causes the type II diabetes mellitus disorder?
and what are some symptoms of the disorder?

A: maia p !
Insulin
Some diabetes symptoms include:
Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Extreme hunger
Unusual weight loss
Increased fatigue
Irritability
Blurry vision

http://www.reddiabetes.com

Q: What is Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus? Plz answer. more info below. HELPPP…?
For each type of diabetes:
1) What is the difference (type I and II are mellitus i think?)?
2) Which hormone/s are involved?
3) Is is because of hypersecretion or hyposecretion?
4) What are the symptoms?

THANK YOU, PLEASE PLEASE HELP.

A: Diabetes mellitus.
Associated with glycosuria (excessive sweet urine).

Diabetes insipidus.
The urine is not sweet(without taste).

Caused by kidney or pituitary gland damage.

Noninfectious disease.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Body systems affected:
Nerves.
Digestion.
Circulation.
Endocrine.
Urinary.

Q: Need to know all about Diabetes Mellitus in dogs Quick?
Need info on what it is what causes it and what are the symptoms quickest use full answer gets best
Ha tried that and when I clicked on your stupid link my college thing came up saying t was banned cause its tasteless too right please serious answers

A: Try looking at the following link: www.diabetesindogs.net

Q: Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus this is my first time to make one. Help.?
Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: The pathophysiology is basically this (although there’s far more to it)… too high an intake of carbohydrates combined with insufficient exercise resulting in excess triglycerides with resultant insulin resistance, and excess buildup of blood glucose resulting in all kinds of system failures.

This is not an easy thing to adequately answer here . Maybe if you read this: http://www.naturalnews.com/025405.html

Q: Do you think my cat has Diabetes Mellitus?
Obesity
Genetic predisposition (diabetes is more prevalent in males)
Poor nutrition
Hormonal abnormalities
Stress
If you cat appears weak or thirsty, frequently urinates, has rapid weight loss, is depressed, or has abdominal pain, he could be diabetic.

(that came from this link, in case you want to read more —->)
http://www.hillspet.com/cat-care/cat-diseases/diabetes-mellitus-in-cats.html

My cats are over-weight, lazy, hungry a lot, and sometimes thirsty [they don't need all the symptoms to have it]

We switched them to wet food, because dry food causes diabetes, but do you think either of my cats could have it?

It said fixed males are more likely to get it…

(Information from —>)
http://www.cat-dog-diabetes.com/cats-diabetes-mellitus.asp
They came from a shelter, and its been pretty hard trying to get them to lose weight.

It also said something about poor coat health being a sign … my cats coat is not shiny at all, and won’t let me brush it. Sometimes he lets the girl lick him clean, but he won’t do it himself.
Female,
Name: Bella
Age: 3
Spayed: Yes
Microchipped: Yes

Male,
Name: Apollo
Age: 4
Neutured: Yes
Microchipped: Yes
wtf, I don’t care about what you are selling! I want to know about my cats health..I am concerned.

A: Mostly you will see increased thirst and urination, so the litterbox will be very full all the time. It is easy to diagnose with a simple blood test or urine test, so going to the vet to be sure is not a bad idea. But the likelihood of BOTH of them being diabetic is pretty low. I bet they are just fat, lazy housecats, like mine! Wet food is a good idea, you can supplement with dry, but either way watch calories because it would be healthy for them to lose weight for many reasons if they are too heavy.

Q: Discuss the patient’s diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. How would you diagnosis a child with this?
Case Study #1: Diabetes

Hannah is a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. She is a 4th grade student at Hendricks Elementary School. Prior to her diagnosis, Hannah was very involved in sports and played on the girls volleyball team. Her mother is concerned about how the diagnosis will affect Hannah.

1. Discuss the patient’s diagnosis. Include a definition of the actual disease or condition.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus once known as “juvenile onset” diabetes or “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,” is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or faulty use of insulin by the cells. Insulin is a hormone needed to convert sugar (glucose) into energy. Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence.

2. Identify the factors which could have caused or lead to the particular disease or condition.

3. Describe the signs and symptoms which are associated with the disease or condition.

4. Discuss the diagnostic testing that is usually performed in order to formally diagnose the particular disease or condition.

5. Identify the appropriate treatment (including therapies, medications, etc) which the patient may be prescribed for his/her particular diagnosis.

6. Discuss potential barriers to therapy which the patient may experience due to their unique situation.

7. Discuss alternative treatments which may also benefit the patient.

8. Describe the typical prognosis for a patient with the disease or condition.

9. Identify patient teaching which would benefit the patient in your case study.

I have to do a paper for school and looking for a good website to answer these question.

A: WWW.diabetes.org is the official website for the American Diabetes Assoc.

Q: how am i gonna explain the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus to my classmates?
how am i gonna explain the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus to my classmates in such a way that they would understand?? its for my report and this is due before midterms… pls help me thanks a lot^_^

A: The best way is to do as I have and spend several hours researching it until you understand it fully. Once you’ve accomplished that, explaining it to the lay person becomes much easier. Here are some good places to start:

Q: Can someone explain the pathophysiology of how diabetes mellitus causes lactic acidosis?

A: Lactic acidosis is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis in hospitalized patients. It is associated with an elevated anion gap and a plasma lactate concentration above 4 meq/L. Impaired tissue oxygenation, leading to increased anaerobic metabolism, is usually responsible for the rise in lactate production. (See “Approach to the adult with metabolic acidosis”).

The pathophysiology and causes of lactic acidosis will be reviewed here. The possible role of bicarbonate therapy in such patients is discussed separately. (See “Bicarbonate therapy in lactic acidosis”).

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY — A review of the biochemistry of lactate generation and metabolism is important in understanding the pathogenesis of lactic acidosis. Both overproduction and underuse of lactate appear to be operative in most patients.

Lactic acid is derived from the metabolism of pyruvic acid; this reaction is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase and involves the conversion of NADH into NAD+ (reduced and oxidized nicotine adenine dinucleotide, respectively). Normal subjects produce 15 to 20 mmol/kg of lactic acid per day, most of which is generated from glucose via the glycolytic pathway or from the deamination of alanine [1,2].

Lactic acid is rapidly buffered, in part by extracellular bicarbonate, resulting in the generation of lactate. In the liver and, to a lesser degree, in the kidney, lactate is metabolized back to pyruvate, which is then converted into either carbon dioxide and water (80 percent, catalyzed in part by pyruvate dehydrogenase) or glucose (20 percent, catalyzed in part by pyruvate carboxylase). Both of these processes result in the regeneration of the bicarbonate lost in the initial buffering of lactic acid.

And now you know the rest of the story !

Q: Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus this is my first time to make one. Help.?
Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: The pathophysiology is basically this (although there’s far more to it)… too high an intake of carbohydrates combined with insufficient exercise resulting in excess triglycerides with resultant insulin resistance, and excess buildup of blood glucose resulting in all kinds of system failures.

This is not an easy thing to adequately answer here . Maybe if you read this: http://www.naturalnews.com/025405.html

Q: Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: You need a nurses care plan guide and your nurses diagnosis handbook they will guide you through these. Don’t get all shook up. Just take each step by itself and then move to the next one. I was nervous the first time too. They aren’t that hard after the first couple are behind you.

Q: can anyone give me a site of pathophysiology regarding CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE SECONDARY TO DIABETES MELLITUS N?

A: try this

http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/276/3/R831

Q: Is too much sugar directly responsible for diabetes mellitus type 2?
To avoid sugar after the onset of diabetes mellitus is well known… but could avoiding sugar before the onset of the disease reduce the occurence of the disease… if so whats the pathophysiology….

A: No, too much sugar is NOT responsible for diabetes. And after the onset of type 2 it is important to reduce carbohydrates, sugar just happens to be one. It is just as important to watch how much rice or potatoes or white bread or milk is consumed as it is sugar.

Also “Fully” needs to work on her facts and stop going to “that place where all the people go that know nothing about diabetes” because her “facts” are wrong! She may be a type 1 diabetic but that does not make her an expert on diabetes.

Type 2 is a type of diabetes mellitus and is not brought on by bad diet, obesity, lifestyle etc, but is a genetic or hereditary disease.

Q: To any Nurses or Doctors: a question about possible beginning of S/S of diabetes II?
I know the pathophysiology for the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but I am not sure of this problem one of my friends is having. They have always been pretty healthy, but are currently in school and very busy with school, stress, exams, etc. They have mostly always followed a very healthy diet and used to jog and exercise daily for years and years, but now it is different.
To the point, sometimes when they eat alot of sweets, for instance like a cupcake with lots o frosting, their face becomes minorly flushed, and the cheeks feel very hot and slightly tingly. I am aware that wih insulin resistance, and my hypothesis is that the sweet glucose from this cupcake would not be able to get into the cell, and is just in the interstitial spaces, or whatever, and that is what is causing the flushing.
Do you think it sounds like the possibility of the beginning of type 2 (insulin resistant) diabetes mellitus? Or because of the strict diet, their body can’t adjust to high amts of sugar?

A: I would guess some kind of food allergy before diabetes. I am not aware of hyperglycemia causing the symptoms you described. Having to drink fluid and pee frequently is a sign of diabetes, among others. If DM is a concern, a fasting blood glucose level could be taken in a clinic.

Q: what is th pathophysiology of modified radical mastectomy?
can u have it on diagram form? or step by step .. thanks

Patient’s Profile
Age: 51 years old
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Admitting Diagnosis/Impression: Breast Cancer
Date: 9/3/08/2:40 am

Operation: Modified Radical Mastectomy

Final Diagnosis: Invasive Distal Cancer Right Breast (Stage IIB)

History of Present Illness: Patient came in for scheduled MRM

(-) Hypertension(-) Asthma
(-) Diabetes Mellitus

Related of System:
Family History:
Physical Examination: (+) Breast mass ®
Impression: Breast mass ®
Breast Cancer

A: A Modified Radical Mastectomy is a Mastectomy where surgery does not go beyond the check wall. Vital muscles are not removed, leaving the patient intact, and requiring little PT/OT post-op.

Q: please, can someone help me do this bibliography?? (i need to turn this in in 40 minutes)?
Sorry I would usually do this myself, but desperate times call for desperate measures.
Can someone please do the bibliography for me?? THank you so much! Best answer to whoever answers the best.
If you’re too lazy to do it can you at least please tell me how i’m supposed to arrange it? thanks

(1) nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/article/000313.htm

(2) “Type 2 Diabetes” American Diabetes Assosiation October 2008

(3) http://www.fda.gov/Diabetes/

(4) http://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/type-2-diabetes

(5) http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=9780813829333&site=1

(6) http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/20/3/152?hits=10&FIRSTINDEX=0&FULLTEXT=Diabetes+type+2&SEARCHID=1&gca=nips%3B20%2F3%2F152&

(7) http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2112

(8) http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3046103

(9) Matthews, Dawn D., ed. Diabetes Source Book. United States: Health Reference Series, 2003.

(10) Peters, MD, Anne L. Conquering Diabetes. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2005.

(11) Complete Guide to Diabetes. United States: American Diabetes Association, 1996.

(12) http://www.diabetesnet.com/

(13) Bernstain, M.D., Richard K. Dr. Bernstein’s Diabetes Solution. Boston, New York, London: Little, Brown and Company, 1997,2003.

(14) L. Plum, F. T. Wunderlich, S. Baudler, W. Krone and J. C. Brüning “Transgenic and Knockout Mice in Diabetes Research: Novel Insights into Pathophysiology, Limitations, and Perspectives” APS Online Journal Vol. 20, No. 3, 152-161, June 2005

(15) Holger Doege and Andreas Stahl “Protein-Mediated Fatty Acid Uptake” APS Online Journal Vol. 21, No. 4, 259-268, August 2006

(16) Votey, Scott MD “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review” eMedicine Jul 9, 2008. October 2008.

(17)
MLA Format

A: It depends, we don’t know what format your bibliography needs to be in. Typically, I would say that they’re in APA format.

So, here’s a website where you can look it up.

http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citapa.htm

Q: how am i gonna explain the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus to my classmates?
how am i gonna explain the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus to my classmates in such a way that they would understand?? its for my report and this is due before midterms… pls help me thanks a lot^_^

A: I wrote this up for a lot of folks in my family that don’t have a lot of education. It should be easy to understand.

http://unafragger.blogspot.com/2009/11/diabetes-research.html

Q: Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus this is my first time to make one. Help.?
Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

* 5 days ago
* – 21 hours left for voting

A: This case can be very overwhelming so break down the case into what is relevant to the immediate clinical presentation. I am not sure if you are trying to learn how to SOAP or write a chart note but I will provide some basic information on the 2 types.

First of all, SOAP notes is a tool to help you organize the information, think through the problem, consider options for therapy, recommend therapy based on patient’s problem, goals of therapy, monitoring parameters, patient education etc… In chart notes, most of the details from your assessment and plan are not outlined in written form but are still considered (in your mind).

Subjective: Information in this category is info that cannot be confirmed but it is information provided by the patient or their caregiver. This includes data such as patient identifiers (Initials of pt, age, and gender). Race is optional but should be included if it is relevant to the case. Information should be limited to the problem to be addressed.

Objective: Information in this category is info that can be confirmed such as height and weight, results from tests, procedures, and assessments (such as vital signs, physical exams, lab tests, diagnostic procedures) and subjective assessments by the practitioner. The data should be limited to the problem to be addressed and any lab or measurement data that will be needed for calculations or assessments (such as SCr, weight, height for CrCl).

Assessment includes the following categories:
1) Etiology: potential cuase or risk factors contributing to the problem.
2) Assessing the need for therapy: What is the status of the problem? How severe is the problem? How urgent is the problem and how aggressive does the problem need to be addressed? Is there a need for non-drug and drug-therapy, etc…?
3) Evaluation of the current therapy: Includes the medications that are prescribed for the current problem, how appropriate is the current therapy, how appropriate are the drugs selected (need to consider dose, route of administration, frequency and duration of treatment).
4) Evaluation of treatment options available.
5) Justification of plan

Plan: Includes recommendations for the current treatment (continue of discontinue) and recommendations if treatment will be different. This section also include goals of treatment for the treatment plan, monitoring parameters, and patient education.

Pathophysiology of your case: Complicated diabetic foot infection due to microvascular damage to circulatory system.

Q: To any Nurses or Doctors: a question about possible beginning of S/S of diabetes II?
I know the pathophysiology for the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but I am not sure of this problem one of my friends is having. They have always been pretty healthy, but are currently in school and very busy with school, stress, exams, etc. They have mostly always followed a very healthy diet and used to jog and exercise daily for years and years, but now it is different.
To the point, sometimes when they eat alot of sweets, for instance like a cupcake with lots o frosting, their face becomes minorly flushed, and the cheeks feel very hot and slightly tingly. I am aware that wih insulin resistance, and my hypothesis is that the sweet glucose from this cupcake would not be able to get into the cell, and is just in the interstitial spaces, or whatever, and that is what is causing the flushing.
Do you think it sounds like the possibility of the beginning of type 2 (insulin resistant) diabetes mellitus? Or because of the strict diet, their body can’t adjust to high amts of sugar?

A: I have never heard of DM II causing people to be flushed when they eat sweets. I guess it may be possible, but the only way to know for sure is to get a urinalysis. If she is in school there are always free clinics or go to student health.

Q: What are the nursing diagnosis of diabetes of mellitus?

A: I am going to assume you are a nursing student, if I am wrong please disregard all of this…

I’m a first semester nursing student so I would double check but I am looking up the same thing. My nursing Dx book says:

Impaired Nutrition: less then body requirement, deficient knowledge, there are others of course.

These don’t actually help me because none`1 of the which are the case for my patient.

It is hard to say though because you need some s/s and the type of diabetes your pt. has.

If you want a good answer try the website Allnurses.com

You need to mention s/s and “SOAP” data, meds, labs, ect. They will flat out tell you that they won’t “do” your homework so have a little more info to give…

Hope I was some help.

Q: what is the connection of Diabetes mellitus in keratoplasty?
we have a case study, the patient has a diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus, and it says there that he undergo keratoplasty.. is there a connection between the two?

A: Diabetes can effect the eyes and can lead to many eye complications
for more on eye diseases due to diabetes vsit mt free website http://www.reddiabetes.com

Automated lamellar keratoplasty eye surgery, or ALK, is a surgical procedure used to correct vision in people with severe nearsightedness and mild degrees of farsightedness.

What Happens During Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
Keratoplasty eye surgery, performed under local anesthesia, usually takes less than an hour to complete. A cutting device is used to make a small incomplete flap across the cornea. While still attached at one side, the corneal flap is folded back to reveal the layer of tissue below. Another, very precise cut is made on the sub layer of tissue based on the person’s glasses’ prescription. After this cut, the corneal flap is placed back over the eye where it reattaches.

What Are the Advantages of Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
Compared to other vision repair surgeries:

The healing process for keratoplasty eye surgery is relatively quick
It takes less time for stable vision to return
Recovery period is more comfortable

What Are the Disadvantages of Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
While keratoplasty eye surgery is a safe and effective surgery, it does have its disadvantages. They include:

For people with mild to moderate nearsightedness, keratoplasty eye surgery is not as accurate as other eye procedures, meaning that its outcome is more difficult to predict.
Keratoplasty eye surgery slightly increases a person’s risk of developing an irregular astigmatism.

What Are the Potential Side Effects of Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
Aside from the above-mentioned disadvantages, side effects, though rare, do occur. These may include:

Glare
Inability to wear contacts, sometimes permanently
Infection
Corneal scarring

How Should I Prepare for Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
Before your keratoplasty eye surgery you will have met with a coordinator who will discuss with you what you should expect during and after the surgery. During this session your medical history will be evaluated and your eyes will be tested. Likely tests will include measuring corneal thickness, refraction, and pupil dilation. Once you have gone through your evaluation, you will meet the surgeon, who will answer any further questions you may have. Afterwards, you can schedule an appointment for the keratoplasty eye surgery.

If you wear rigid gas permeable contact lenses, you should not wear them during the three weeks before keratoplasty eye surgery. Other types of contact lenses shouldn’t be worn for at least three days prior to keratoplasty eye surgery. Be sure to bring your glasses to the surgery so your prescription can be reviewed.

On the day of your keratoplasty eye surgery, eat a light meal before going to the doctor and take all of your prescribed medications. Do not wear eye makeup or have any bulky accessories in your hair that will interfere with positioning your head under the laser. If you do not feel well that morning, call the doctor’s office to determine whether the keratoplasty eye surgery needs to be postponed.

What Should I Expect After Keratoplasty Eye Surgery?
The healing time from keratoplasty eye surgery is very rapid. It usually takes only about 24 hours to mend. But it may take a few weeks for your vision to finally stabilize.

Your doctor will give you eye drops to control inflammation, discomfort, and prevent infection.

Q: Discuss the patient’s diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. How would you diagnosis a child with this?
Case Study #1: Diabetes

Hannah is a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. She is a 4th grade student at Hendricks Elementary School. Prior to her diagnosis, Hannah was very involved in sports and played on the girls volleyball team. Her mother is concerned about how the diagnosis will affect Hannah.

1. Discuss the patient’s diagnosis. Include a definition of the actual disease or condition.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus once known as “juvenile onset” diabetes or “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,” is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or faulty use of insulin by the cells. Insulin is a hormone needed to convert sugar (glucose) into energy. Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence.

2. Identify the factors which could have caused or lead to the particular disease or condition.

3. Describe the signs and symptoms which are associated with the disease or condition.

4. Discuss the diagnostic testing that is usually performed in order to formally diagnose the particular disease or condition.

5. Identify the appropriate treatment (including therapies, medications, etc) which the patient may be prescribed for his/her particular diagnosis.

6. Discuss potential barriers to therapy which the patient may experience due to their unique situation.

7. Discuss alternative treatments which may also benefit the patient.

8. Describe the typical prognosis for a patient with the disease or condition.

9. Identify patient teaching which would benefit the patient in your case study.

I have to do a paper for school and looking for a good website to answer these question.

A: WWW.diabetes.org is the official website for the American Diabetes Assoc.

Q: methods of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?

A: The diagnose it’s glucose in blood more than 120mg/dl. or HBA2 > 7

2 positive test with > 140mg/dl fasting

Methods: Blood levels, clamp, symptons, capilar disgnose machine etc.

Q: Can someone give me 2 Nursing Diagnosis related to Diabetes Mellitus? Patient has an ulcer on right toe and il
Identify the nursing diagnostic category
Related to: identiify 2 factors/etilogies
AEB or AMB: identify 3 signs or symptoms

A: I like the two above me but to add to those:
Risk for infection r/t ulcer on rt toe

I guess I would need to know more about the patient: age? how long with DM? Compliant?

Q: Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus this is my first time to make one. Help.?
Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: The pathophysiology is basically this (although there’s far more to it)… too high an intake of carbohydrates combined with insufficient exercise resulting in excess triglycerides with resultant insulin resistance, and excess buildup of blood glucose resulting in all kinds of system failures.

This is not an easy thing to adequately answer here . Maybe if you read this: http://www.naturalnews.com/025405.html

Q: Who can help me with a Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? it is my first time to make one please help?
case:

admitted this 60 year old female widowed roman catholic

Chief complaint: Wound on 2nd toe of the left foot

First diagnosis: DM poorly controlled

Second diagnosis: Post irrigation and debridement of the left foot

Client has history of Diabetes mellitus on both sides of the family (mother and father’s side)

- drinks a minimum of 1 bottle of soft drink a day
- eats sweets claims to have a sweet tooth

had expereienced symptoms of DM when she was 55 years old in the year 2004 noticed weight loss, polyuria (urge of urinating uncontrolably), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (feeling of hunger), and noticed that she was sleepy most of the day.

-did not do anything after noticing the signs and symptoms continued with daily routine in life as a elemetary school teacher

by the year 2006 she was admitted for typhoid fever with this hospital admission she was diagnosed to have Diabetes mellitus by Fasting blood sugar prescribed with Metformin to manage Dm but did not seek consult thereafter; with poor compliance to medication taking metformin once every 2 days. did not go to the doctor nor had her self submit for a medical check up…

after 3 years

2009.

4 – 5 days prior to admission (January 4) while walking to school she stepped on a rusty nail by the sidewalk but did not notice the pain nor felt it and did not do anything about it.
January 5 continued with her daily routine and did not notice anything
January 6 rode a bus to go out of town
January 7 when she went home whoile riding the bus client noticed pain in her left foot and that it was swelling…
January 8swelling worsened and was adviced by her colleagues to put some herbal leaves on it but could not recall the name of the herb that she put in it.
January 9 with continued swelling of the foot and had fever (undocumented temp) called for help
January 10 on the day of admission client was febrile with body temp of 38.2 with cardiac rate of 82, Respi rate of 20 and Bp of 130/90 received ambulatory conscious and coherent. started with IVF of PNSS at the left metacarpal vein taken with labs of ECG, Chest x-ray, CBC, Ca, K, Creatinine… Transfered to private room

January 14 – had an irrigation and debridement operation on the left foot with 2 incisions on the dorsal part of the foot one underneath the 4th toe and the other one under the 2nd toe foot is inflammed with slight drainage of blood. Operation lasted for 5 hours.

January 19. client was advised by physician to have a below the knee amputation for the affected area is not doing so well
+not decided for the operation.

PRN Medications of: Paracetamol for temp 38.2
Tramadol for pain
Treatment of:

CBG premeals and midnite with actrapid sliding scale

+what do you think of the patient’s case?

the predisposing factors are present

how do is start this stuff?

this is my first time to do something like this please help.

A: You need a nurses care plan guide and your nurses diagnosis handbook they will guide you through these. Don’t get all shook up. Just take each step by itself and then move to the next one. I was nervous the first time too. They aren’t that hard after the first couple are behind you.

Q: Diagnosis of Kidney disorders thru Urine samples?
okay so i had this lab wheree i had 4 urine samples. and i had to determine which had diabetes mellitus, insipidus and brights disease.
we tested the urine sample with benedict solution, the pH of the urine, and mixing biuret reagent.
How would i be able to determine which samples are with what disease. Anything in paticular i am looking for?

A: A blood work should also be performed, to check your creatinine and BUN.

Best of luck!

Q: The most likely diagnosis is:?
19: A 30-year-old nursing student presents with confusion, sweating, hunger, and fatigue. Blood sugar is noted to be 40 mg/dL. The patient has no history of diabetes mellitus, although her sister is an insulin-dependent diabetic. The patient has had several similar episodes over the past year, all occurring just prior to reporting for work in the early
morning. On this evaluation, the patient is found to have high insulin levels and a low C peptide level. The most likely diagnosis is:

a. Reactive hypoglycemia
b. Early diabetes mellitus
c. Factitious hypoglycaemia
d. Hepatoma
e. Insulinoma

A: Confusion, sweating, hunger, and fatigue are all classic symptoms of hypogycemia, and this is verified by blood sugar of 40mg/dL (normal is 70-120 mg/dL).

High insulin levels would result in low blood sugar since effect of insulin is uptake of glucose from bloodstream by muscle and liver cells.

Insulinomas (tumors of the islet cells in the pancreas that can produce uncontrolled amounts of insulin and C-peptide) can be eliminated since there are low C peptide levels. C peptide levels should mirror insulin levels, therefore if person has high insulin production they should have high C peptide levels (low C peptide = low insulin).

Hepatomas are liver cancers, and this should be eliminated since sugar uptake is fine (liver cells can uptake glucose). The pancreas is the organ that secretes insulin and glucagon, so again another reason to eliminate.

Factitious hypoglycaemia is the result of the patient inducing hypoglycemic conditions thru ingestion of insulin or other hypoglycemic agents. Thismeans that the student deliberately induced the hypoglycemic condition…need more psych eval to determine.

Reactive hypoglycemia is a medical term describing recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia occurring 2-4 hours after a high carbohydrate meal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_hypoglycemia). I would eliminate since I doubt student awoke 2-4 hrs before early-morning shift to eat.

Early DM can be diagnosed by blood sugar and C peptide levels, which should show both levels high.

This leaves us with factitious hypogycemia….student is ingesting/injecting insulin to induce hypoglycemia. She is busted since her C-peptide levels are low!

Q: Steps to making an accurate diagnosis for the patient?
I have been an endocrinologist for 12 years and specialize in diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. If I am ready to make a diagnosis for anything, I sit down the night before and go over the charts, research my medical books on the disease I am getting ready to diagnose, then I sit them down and visually explain what they have. I have never misdiagnosed a patient but I have falsely sent then to another specialist overlooking such diseases such as a pheochromocytoma, hypothyroidism, and a little more. How can I increase my standards so I don’t dismiss the patient without fully knowing that it is something hormonal?

A: BS. Every doctor on earth has misdiagnosed a patient. But don’t get me wrong, it’s pretty easy if ALL you’re diagnosing is diabetes mellitus and insipidus.

Q: wrong diagnosis?
on january 2007 i was diagnosed of hyperthyroidism,…i have been feeling of symptoms like rapid heartbeat, warm body temperature, and weightloss despite of increased apetite..the doctor examined my tsh,t4,t3 levels and the t4 is slightlthly elevated but the tsh is quite normal.the doctor prescribed an antithyroid drugs bout 15mg per day but my weight didnot increase…however ,on may 2007 the doctor reexamined my blood sample and astonishingly gone to normal range in very short time….she tells me that my condition is not actually hyperthyroidism…well now i’m really confused….my whole body is now shringking and i dont know why…..i have been feeling of things similar to those suffering from diabetes mellitus but my FBS shows no diabetes at all……can someone suggest me things which can help me answer what am i suffering from?

A: ^ Go to your endocrinologist and have the test done again and have a urine test for diabetes and an A1C test also. A1C is a blood test that will give your glucose (sugar) levels for the past 3 months. I hope this helps, feel better. Good luck

Q: Nursing diagnosis for a 59 year old male pt submitted for right shaft pain along with back pain.?
Past Medical History (list all medical problems the patient has had in the last year):
1. Positive for prostate cancer.
2. History of calf vein DVT left leg diagnosed Aug 2008 on coumadin.
3. Urinary retention
4. History of rectal bleeding Sep 2008- status post colonoscopy and biopsy which showed radiation prostatitis and biopsy negative for dysphasia or malignancy
5. Diabetes mellitus diabetes, chronic back pain, ulcers in the colon at the hepatic flexure and cecum. Positive for colonoscopy appx 1 month ago.

Patient is a smoker, uses marijuana, heroin, cocaine and alcohol.

A: Discharge him. Allow him to continue self medication and use the medical system on someone worth saving.

Q: Question About Nursing Diagnosis?
I have to do 3 nursing diagnoses about Diabetes Mellitus. There are three parts to it…..Stem, Related To, and As Evidenced By….but when it is for risk, there is only two parts and AEB is left out.

1.) Risk for injury r/t nerve damage and loss of sensation
2.) Constipation r/t intestinal nerve damage AEB prolonged periods without defecation
3.) Risk for infection r/t poor circulation and impaired immune system

I wrote these but I’m not sure about the R/T because I don’t know if it should be common sense answers (such as dehydration for constipation) or if I can write nerve damage even though I don’t know 100% because I’m not a doctor….I looked up the information online though.

Could you guys please help me? Thanks

A: a risk cant have a r/t since its still going to happen. And it doesnt require as evidence by and cues. Your intervention will be directed on preventive measures.

The constipation can be related to decreased peristalsis secondary to alteration of GI function, to make it more non-MD statement. the AEB is okay, but indicate the span of time or days since you cant say its constipation if its not 3 or 4 days without passage.

Q: Does anyone think that i am on the right track with this case study?
Mrs. Grace Pallance is a 42 year old woman who is admitted to your ward through the emergency department, having been referred by her local doctor.
She has a week long history of fatigue, headache, poor appetite, thirst and frequency.
On admission the following data is recorded:
• weight is 90kg = morbidly obese.
• height is 164cm
• temperature: 37.2 degrees Celsius = normal
• pulse: 120 beats/minute = increase higher than normal
• respiration’s: 20 breaths/minute = high side of normal
• BP: 160/95 mmHg = high
Urinalysis:
• large amounts of glucose = high indicating metabolic imbalance
• trace albumin
• nil ketones = indicating that this episode is still reversable.
• SG1.016 = normal range
Plasma glucose level:
• 16mmollL = high indicating metabolic imbalance
Provisional diagnosis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Mrs Pallance is to be transferred to the ward and an electrocardiograph (ECG) is to be taken on arrival in the ward.
1. Upon her arrival in the ward you assess Mrs Pallance. Based on your knowledge of T2DM and your assessment; discuss the nursing
interventions required and explain the rationale for each intervention.
1/Upon admission to ward I would do a set of observations- to establish our baseline.
2/ Administer iv fluids.
3/ Catheretize to monitor fluid output.
4/Monitor electrolytes.
5/ Administer iv insulin and Dextrose to stablize pt
2. Using the information from the case study, explain Mrs. Pallance’s
symptoms to her as they relate to the provisional diagnosis. In your
answer identify her risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes

A: Administering insulin via iv and putting in a catheter seems like over kill on a patient with a BG of 288 without knowing when the last meal was and was the level going up or down. A simple injection of a fast acting insulin may be in order but without ketones in the urine I would be looking at heart/lung issues and monitor the diabetes issues. She has diabetes, she does not have risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes, she IS diabetic.

Q: OGTT RESULTS? Cant understand it.?
Patients Fasting Blood Glucose Level : 79.0 mg/dl

Blood Glucose after load:
at 60 mins = 133.mg/dl
at 120 mins = 120.0 mg/dl
at 180 mins = 100 mg/dl

here is what it says on the result:

CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSTIC INTERPRETATION : Presence of 2 or more of the following abnormal serum glucose values: (1> 95 mg/dl FBS; 2>180mg/dl at 60 min after glucose load; 3>155mg/dl at 120 min after glucose load; 4> 140 mg/dl at 180 min after glucose load0 qualifies for the biochemical diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Patterns of glucose level abnormality other than the aforementioned criterion indicate Impaired Glucose Tolerance

i couldnt understand the result sheet that i received since i havent forwarded the results to my doctor. and i will give it to her on monday.
can you explain it to me? thanks a LOT!

A: (1> 95 mg/dl FBS; …yours was 79

2>180mg/dl at 60 min after glucose …yours was 133
3>155mg/dl at 120 min after glucose load….yours was 120
4> 140 mg/dl at 180 min after glucose ….yours was 100

Your numbers are all below the criteria so it looks good! Hope this Helps.

Q: what are the factors related to diet modification among diabetes mellitus patients?
hello.. pls answer this question. it would be a great help in our research. tnx…

A: Blood Sugar Management

http://www.dlife.com/dLife/do/ShowContent/blood_sugar_management/

Diet Guidelines

http://www.diabetes911.net/readit/chapter10.shtml

Q: looking for a web site under a name of american doctor for diet control and controling diabetes mellitus?
his name probably starts with M and the site contains a lot of information about health diet and combating cholestrol , high blood sugar as well as healthy food

A: I would suggest mayoclinic.com there is alot of info there

Q: Does a high sugar diet really lead to diabetes?
Does eating a lot of sugar make your body resistant to its own insulin? I would think that based on the “use it or lose it” motto that you would want to eat a lot of sugar to avoid diabetes. I’m referring to diabetes mellitus.
I’m thinking that if you cut sugar out of your diet then your islets of langerhan will begin to atrophy due to lack of use which would result in diabetes.
So eating more sugar would be a better way to avoid diabetes. Am I right?

A: A high sugar diet definitely leads to diabetes mellitus type II. DM Type I results from a lack of insulin production since the Beta cells are basically killed off. This used to be referred to as juvenile diabetes.

Insulin is a hormone that shoves sugar into most body cells. A high sugar spike in blood leads to high insulin spikes in blood. Hormones and their cell membrane receptors can go through up-regulation or down-regulation. Down-regulation makes the receptor less sensitive to the effects of the hormone so you need more hormone to get the same result. More hormone means more down-regulation, more down regulation means you need more hormone which leads to more down-regulation. It becomes a continuous cycle. Before full DM Type II is reached, people get Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X).

Same idea happens when someone takes recreational drugs. Eventually the same dose doesn’t work anymore cause of down-regulation and you need more alcohol, heroine, cocaine or whatever to get the same result.

At the same time, the beta cells in the islets of langerhans can be overburdened or burnt out for having to make too much insulin. Eating a low sugar diet would not cause them to atrophy since you cannot completely avoid carbohydrates. Sugar just spikes insulin levels where complex carbs make levels rise and fall.

Q: What are the statisticsavailable on diet,complications,foot care of diabetes mellitus?
I want Indian and World statistics

A: That question is so broad, sounds more like the title of a textbook!
The short answer is to keep the diabetic control tight enough to have the hemoglobin A1C in the low 5’s or under 5%.
If there is already compromise of the arterial circulation of the legs to address that systematically & regionally. If there are already ulcers need aggressive regional care. If there is already bone infection, it’s more a matter of chronic management, but not impossible to cure. And get professional toenail care, wash feet & keep well lubricated daily, and never ever ever go barefoot or in stocking feet. Always wear shoes that are protective. Inspect feet daily for any breaks in the skin; even a small crack can lead to loss of limb. If there is any tinea pedis (‘athlete’s feet’) must treat, as eventually leads to microbreaks in the skin which give the bacteria a port of entry.
Lastly, Indians genetically have a high penetrance of dyslipidemia (cholesterol problems) & need treat that very aggressively (in order to prevent hardening of the arteries of the legs); the most aggressive doctors treat it to get the “non-HDL” at about 100, and the “LDL” at about 70. (the non-HDL is the total cholesterol minus the HDL, & is a proxy marker for the agressive sub-fractions of the LDL). There was a study a few years ago in Lancet on Indians & had statistically smaller coronary arteries; can debate the why of that, but to me it means the most aggressive standards of care need be applied to any diabetic Indian.
And no smoking, ever!!

Good luck!!

Q: other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2?
anyone knows what are the other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 besides food and diet?

A: Do you mean, what else can cause a person to have type 2 diabetes besides having a poor diet?

Being fat, heavy, obese.
Lack of exercise.
Genetic predisposition (look up MODY mature onset diabetes of the young)
Ethnic makeup (indian, native american, hispanic)
Age.

You don’t have to be fat, not exercise, or eat a poor diet to get type 2 diabetes. Genetics plays a big role. I have known many fat, couch potatoes who have never had a sugar problem. They may be at risk for it, but never get it. Same thing with cancer. Not all smokers get lung cancer, and not everyone who gets lung cancer, smokes (like Dana Reeve).

Here is my brief experience with diabetes: My great-grandma was a Sioux indian off the reservation. My mother has had diabetes since 30. She has always been on insulin. She was a little chunky, but on fat. Her sugars can go up very high. She was just hospitalized this year with a sugar of 1420. My uncle died from complications of diabetes at 45. He was obese. I had gestational diabetes 3x. I was a size 2-4 when I failed my diabetes test. I had asked to be tested early (at 12 weeks instead of 26 weeks) because of my family history. The doctors told me I couldn’t possibly have it. They told me “Your thin, not old, and active. You couldn’t possibly have it.” I insisted. They gave me the test. I was right and they were wrong. I ‘ve had two 9 lb., one 10 lb., and one 11 lb. baby. Three of the babies were one week early.

Genetics play a big role.

Q: Type 1 diabetes mellitus _____.?
a. is the most common form of the disease; more than 90% of all diabetics have type 1 diabetes
b. is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks beta cells in the pancreas
c. is a common disorder in overweight individuals older than 40
d. can be controlled for many years with exercise and a proper diet
e. is treated by improving insulin receptor efficiency rather than by giving insulin

A: Type 1 is an autoimmune disease. The other answers refer to type 2 DM.
m

Q: To any Nurses or Doctors: a question about possible beginning of S/S of diabetes II?
I know the pathophysiology for the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but I am not sure of this problem one of my friends is having. They have always been pretty healthy, but are currently in school and very busy with school, stress, exams, etc. They have mostly always followed a very healthy diet and used to jog and exercise daily for years and years, but now it is different.
To the point, sometimes when they eat alot of sweets, for instance like a cupcake with lots o frosting, their face becomes minorly flushed, and the cheeks feel very hot and slightly tingly. I am aware that wih insulin resistance, and my hypothesis is that the sweet glucose from this cupcake would not be able to get into the cell, and is just in the interstitial spaces, or whatever, and that is what is causing the flushing.
Do you think it sounds like the possibility of the beginning of type 2 (insulin resistant) diabetes mellitus? Or because of the strict diet, their body can’t adjust to high amts of sugar?

A: I would guess some kind of food allergy before diabetes. I am not aware of hyperglycemia causing the symptoms you described. Having to drink fluid and pee frequently is a sign of diabetes, among others. If DM is a concern, a fasting blood glucose level could be taken in a clinic.

Q: information on diabetes mellitus?
need information on 1800 calories ADA diet and food exchanges

A: Most people who have diabetes and are addicted to cola just drink diet cola but what makes it diet can cause cancer.

Q: Diabetes Mellitus and Elevated Glucose?
With non-insulin dependent DM my morning blood glucose is between 95-105 being controlled by metformin and amaryl. When I was placed on a liquid only diet the days that I only drank water and not liquids with nutrients the next day I had an elevated blood glucose of around 130. Those are the only days that it was elevated. What would cause the elevation?
I am thinking that the reason of the elevation is an increased activity of glucagon due to to reduced intake of carbohydrates then a failure of regulation by insulin. There is no illness and the liquid diet was not prescribed due to glucemic control. The reason for it wont have any effect on the glucose levels. When a variety of liquids were consumed the glucose levels are normal.

A: Why were you placed on a liquid diet? If it was because you were ill that could be one reason for elevate blood glucose. If you were on a liquid diet for test taking reasons, did you have to drink or take any type of prep, that could also be a reason why your blood glucose could be elevated. Were you taking your meds while on liquid diet?

Q: A highsalt diet that restricts protein,phosphorus,and magnesium & increase fluid intake is a treatment for?
1) renal failure
2) struvite uroliths
3) diabetes mellitus
4) hyperlipidemia

A: 2) has to be the answer. Mineral and protein restriction would fit with this answer and increasing fluid intake would also fit.

Conciously increasing fluid intake would be a detriment to 1) and 3) and would not be a benefit for4)

Q: Cookie induced diabetes?
Roughly how many Oreos can I consume before I develop diabetes mellitus type 2? I just ate between 40 and 45. Should I forget about it or go buy some insulin?

Note: assume my diet is fairly balanced otherwise

A: 3bn.

Just relax and enjoy your life for goodness sake!!!

Cookies are not going to kill you.

Eating 20+ cookies with every fried chicken/pizza meal and never exercising for 25 years, THAT might kill you.

If yu worry about that, you’ll die of stress before you get diabetes.

Q: sabi,please help me.i have problem?
do u know a medizine for a diabetes mellitus,n diet ?

A: Try here:

http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec13/ch165/ch165a.html
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4546
http://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/article.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus

Q: Can anyone make a concept map out of this?
John Rocke is a 45 yr old divorced man with no children. He has a history of diabetes mellitus and poor control of blood glucose levels. Mr. Rocke is unemployed and currently receives unemployment compensation. He lives alone is a second floor apartment. Mr. Rocke had developed gangrene in the toe and failed to seek prompt medical attention; as a result, a left below the knee amputation was necessary.
Mr. Rocke is in his second postoperative day and his vital signs are stable. The stump is splinted and has a soft dressing. The wound is approximating well without signs of infection. He has not performed ROM exercises or turning since his surgery, complaining of severe pain. When the nurse goes into the room, he yells, “Get out!” I don’t want anyone to see me like this” No one has visited him since his hospitalization. He is tolerating an 1800-kcal American Diabetes Association diet and is using a urinal independently.He is on blood glucose with reg. insulin subcutaneously.

A: I can but I cant take graphics and put it in here. You are asking about a Cognet concept map right?

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of fat?
. Which of the following is NOT a function of fat?

protection of organs
insulation of the body
quick source of energy
production of the sex hormones

2. Which of the following nutrients provides the first source of energy for humans?

proteins
carbohydrates
vitamins
minerals

3. Which of the following nutrients helps to build muscle, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, forms hormones, and antibodies?

lipids
proteins
minerals
carbohydrates

4. What statement best describes the typical American diet?

It contains too little protein.
It contains too little fat.
It contains too many fruits and vegetables.
It contains too much sugar.

5. If a person is experiencing constipation, what carbohydrate should they increase in their diet?

glucose
lactose
cellulose
glycogen

6. Which statement best describes minerals and their function?

Minerals are found only in the bones and teeth.
Minerals are organic compounds used in energy production.
Minerals provide energy when carbohydrates are not available.
Minerals are elements which help to build cells and repair body tissues.

7. When an oil is changed to a solid, trans fat, like in the production of some margarines, what is the process called?

hydrogenation
synthesis
assimilation
integration

8. Which carbohydrate is known as blood sugar and is needed by all body cells to produce energy?

glucose
sucrose
glycogen
starch

9. How many calories are provided by a salad dressing containing 23 fat grams?

61
92
207
255

10. What type of fat simulates the liver to produce more cholesterol which can lead to the depositing of cholesterol in the blood vessels?

unsaturated fat
saturated fat
phospholipids
lipoprotein

11. Which medical condition is not related to one’s nutrition?

diabetes mellitus
obesity
atherosclerosis
bronchitis

12. What current factor influences American health habits in a negative way?

more offerings of chicken and fish in restaurants as alternatives to beef
a hurried lifestyle leading to many meals eaten away from home
the emphasis of increasing fruits and vegetables in the diet
more available information on the nutritional content of foods

13. Suzie consumes 2,700 calories every day but requires only 2,300 calories to meet her energy needs. Over time, Suzie’s calorie consumption may lead to what disorder?

obesity
anorexia nervosa
bulimia
fitness

14. What form of fat is carried in the blood by lipoproteins?

amino acids
cellulose
triglycerides
phospholipids

15. Why must all essential amino acids be present in the body at the same time for growth and repair to take place?

It takes the body too long to make the essential amino acids.
Proteins cannot be made by the body if they are absent.
Too much energy will be used up to make them.
The body will have to start breaking down fat to make them.

16. What mineral is needed for healthy bones and teeth?

potassium
sodium
iron
calcium

17. Which vitamin found in citrus fruits and tomatoes is necessary for iron absorption, collagen formation, and increasing the function of the immune system?

Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

18. What is measured by the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

the energy needs of the body at rest
calories needed by the body during physical activity
rate at which a person needs calories during the day
rate at which food is converted to energy

19. Which of the following is NOT a function of water?

removal of waste products from the body
circulation of substances through the blood
temperature regulation and sweat production
production of hormones

20. Restaurants typically add too much of which of the following nutrients to food resulting in higher calories?

fat
vitamins
water
fiber

21. A man’s weight is considered obese and harmful to his health if it is greater than which of the following percentages?

5%
10%
15%
20%

22. What government agency has provided the public with dietary guidelines to help promote health and prevent disease?

Food and Drug Administration
U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Institutes of Health
Centers for Dise

A: 1- production of the sex hormones
2- carbohydrates
3- proteins
4-It contains too much sugar.
5-glycogen
6-Minerals are found only in the bones and teeth.
7-synthesis
8-glucose
9-255
10-saturated fat
11-bronchitis
12-a hurried lifestyle leading to many meals eaten away from home
13-obesity
14-triglycerides
15-Proteins cannot be made by the body if they are absent.
16-calcium
17- vitamin c
18-rate at which a person needs calories during the day
19- production of hormones
20- fat
21- 20%
22- Food and Drug Administration

Q: I need help in a case study to know how a patient died, who was a heavy smoker.?
A 59 year man, a heavy smoker for much of his adult life, was brouaght into casuatly at 4 am. With three hour history of crushing, band-like chest pain. He was seen immediately but dies while being examined. His past medical history included diet-controlled (typw 2) diabetes mellitus and hypertension. He had several attacks of chest pain over the five years before his death. A post-morten examination was performed.
1) WHAT IS THE LIKELY CUASE OF DEATH

2)WHAT CHNAGES MIGHT HAVE BEEN PRESENT IN THE HEART MUSCLE AND CORONARY ARTERIES?

A: probably MI. the history of chest pain over five years is angina probably related to atherosclerosis. the coronary arteries would be narrowed with plaques and the myocardium would’ve been oxygen starved and possibly hypertrophied? i can’t quite remember but look up MI and atherosclerosis for more information about the pathophysiology and anatomical changes related to the diseases.