type 2 diabetes treatment

Read and learn more about type 2 diabetes treatment. For more, visit the Diabetes website DiabetesFAQ.org

Q: What would happen if you don’t take teh treatment for type 2 diabetes?
How long would it take to die also?

A: Type 2 is a condition, and you must take ir very seriously. Diabetes (type 1 or 2) affects everything in your body. Long term, if you’re not careful, you can eventually go blind. You can suffer amputations (toes, whole feet and even the leg up to the knee. Cardiac complications, the list never ends. You do what you must to try to delay the inevitable….

Q: Should people with type 2 diabetes receive expensive treatment?
Do you think that its fair for people with type 2 diabetes to receive expenisive treatment, that people with type 1 could use?
x

A: Just what is the difference. Should we just kill all type 2 diabetics. This is a dumb question. Type 1 take up most of treatment because they are diabetic longer.

Q: I need herbal treatment of Diabetes type- 2 ? I am allergic to most allopathc medicin?
I am allergic to most allopathy medicines. This is great curse on me.

A: There is no herbal treatment for any type of Diabetes, juvenile or adult so your doctor will probably put you on a restricted ADA diet.

Q: what is the progress for a cure or treatment for type 2 diabetes?
how close are we to an all-out cure?

A: A ketogenic diet will help to control NIDDM if you stick to it. It could “cure” almost all type 2 cases. Type 1 is a different story.

Q: Has anyone had positive results with alternative adult onset (type 2) diabetes treatments?
I am interested in finding out any and all alternative (besides the regular medical advice) type 2 diabetes treatments.Any answers are welcome-thanks.

A: Cinnamon capsules can help with blood glucose (works with the pancreas) as well as high cholesterol and high blood pressure levels and it’s great for general heart health. In particular if you’re gonna eat any sweets take a cinnamon cap about 20 min ahead of time (in addition to daily cinnamon supplements).

The next thing is gymnena (may be hard to get but if you have a good herbal store they should carry it). The gymnema will help your pancreas start doing the correct production of sugar levels. A lot of people have been able to stop any Western Medicine treatment for Type 2.

If you are on Western Medicine treatment make sure you stay well away from grapefruit (in any form).

Also I would highly recommend a Gluten Free diet, it’s done wonders for many.

Good luck with your search and I hope some of these suggestions help.

Q: has anyone had any success with gluconorm (repaglinide) for treatment type 2 diabetes?
any adverse effects and how long have you been taken them

A: You can treat type 2 diabetes without medications, by changing your lifestyle, “Eat to live not live to eat” ,by eating low carbo high fiber diet, eating a lot of fresh green vegetables , plenty of fresh fruits. and most important exercise /walk.

I have been type 2 diabetic since a year and not using any diabetic medicine and all my levels are within the range. I have shared you my personal experience.

visit my free website http://www.reddiabetes.com for more information.

About gluconorm (repaglinide) following is the detailed information

Repaglinide is an oral blood glucose-lowering drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Repaglinide is a short-acting insulin secretagogue which lowers blood glucose levels (as measured by HbA 1C and fasting plasma glucose) and is effective in regulating meal-related (prandial) glucose loads. Repaglinide lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. This action is dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. Insulin release is glucose-dependent and diminishes at low glucose concentrations.

Repaglinide is chemically unrelated to oral sulphonylurea insulin secretagogues used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Repaglinide closes ATP-dependent potassium channels in the b-cell membrane by binding at characterizable sites. This potassium channel blockade depolarizes the b-cell which leads to an opening of calcium channels. The resulting increased calcium influx induces insulin secretion. The ion channel mechanism is highly tissue selective with low affinity for heart and skeletal muscle.

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: After oral administration, repaglinide is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After single and multiple oral doses in healthy subjects or in patients, peak drug levels (C max) occur within 1 hour (T max). Repaglinide is rapidly eliminated from the blood stream with a half-life of approximately 1 hour. The mean absolute bioavailability is 56%. When repaglinide was given with food, the mean T max was not changed, but the mean C max and AUC (area under the time/plasma concentration curve) were decreased 20% and 12.4%, respectively.

Distribution: After i.v. dosing in healthy subjects, the volume of distribution at steady state (V SS) was approximately 31 L, and the total body clearance (CL) was 38 L/h. Protein binding and binding to human serum albumin was greater than 98%.

Metabolism: Repaglinide is completely metabolized by oxidative biotransformation and direct conjugation with glucuronic acid after either an i.v. or oral dose. The major metabolites are an oxidized dicarboxylic acid (M 2), the aromatic amine (M 1) and the acyl glucuronide (M 7). The cytochrome P450 enzyme system, specifically 3A4, has been shown to be involved in the N-dealkylation of repaglinide to M 2 and the further oxidation to M 1. Metabolites do not contribute to the glucose-lowering effect of repaglinide.

Excretion: Within 96 hours after dosing with 14C-repaglinide as a single oral dose, approximately 90% of the radiolabel was recovered in the feces and 8% in the urine. Only 0.1% of the dose is cleared in the urine as parent compound. The major metabolite (M 2) accounted for 60% of the administered dose. Less than 2% of parent drug was recovered in feces.

Pharmacokinetic parameters: Data indicate that repaglinide did not accumulate in serum. Repaglinide demonstrated pharmacokinetic linearity over the 0.5 to 4 mg dose range.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of repaglinide obtained from a single-dose, crossover study in healthy subjects and from a multiple- dose, parallel, dose-proportionality (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg) study in patients with Type 2 diabetes are summarized in Table I.

Variability: The intraindividual and interindividual variabilities (coefficient of variation) in AUC were 36% and 69%, respectively, after multiple dosing of repaglinide tablets (0.25 to 4 mg with each meal) in patients.

Geriatrics: Healthy volunteers were treated with a regimen of 2 mg taken before each of 3 meals. There were no significant differences in repaglinide pharmacokinetics between the group of patients <65 years of age and a comparably sized group of patients ³65 years of age.

Gender: A comparison of pharmacokinetics in males and females showed the AUC over the 0.5 to 4 mg dose range to be 15 to 70% higher in females with type 2 diabetes. This difference was not reflected in the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes (male: 16%; female: 17%) or other adverse events. With respect to gender, no change in general dosage recommendation is indicated since dosage for each patient should be individualized to achieve optimal clinical response.

Race: No pharmacokinetic studies to assess the effects of race have been performed, but in a U.S. 1-year study in patients with type 2 diabetes, the blood glucose-lowering effect was comparable between Caucasians (n=297) and African-Americans (n=33). In a U.S. dose-response study, there was no apparent difference in exposure (AUC) between Caucasians (n=74) and Hispanics (n=33).

Clinical: A 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-response trial was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes using doses ranging from 0.25 to 4 mg taken with each of 3 meals. Repaglinide therapy resulted in dose-proportional glucose lowering over the full dose range. Plasma insulin levels increased after meals and reverted toward baseline before the next meal. Most of the fasting blood glucose-lowering effect was demonstrated within 1 to 2 weeks.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-month dose titration study, repaglinide or placebo doses for each patient were increased weekly from 0.25 mg through 0.5, 1, and 2 mg to a maximum of 4 mg, until a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level <8.9 mmol/L was achieved or the maximum dose reached. The dose that achieved the targeted control or the maximum dose was continued to end of study. FPG and 2-hour postprandial glucose (PPG) increased in patients receiving placebo and decreased in patients treated with repaglinide. Differences between the repaglinide- and placebo-treated groups were -3.41 mmol/L (FPG) and -5.78 mmol/L (PPG). The between-group change in HbA 1C, which reflects long-term glycemic control, was 1.7% units. See Table II.

Another double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 362 patients treated for 24 weeks. The efficacy of 1 and 4 mg preprandial doses was demonstrated by lowering of fasting blood glucose and by HbA 1C at the end of the study. HbA 1C for the repaglinide-treated groups (1 and 4 mg groups combined) at the end of the study was decreased compared to the placebo-treated group in previously naïve patients and in patients previously treated with oral hypoglycemic agents by 2.1% units and 1.7% units, respectively. In this fixed-dose trial, patients who were naïve to oral hypoglycemic agent therapy and patients in relatively good glycemic control at baseline (HbA 1C below 8%) showed greater blood glucoselowering including a higher frequency of hypoglycemia. Patients who were previously treated and who had baseline HbA 1C ³ 8% reported hypoglycemia at the same rate as patients randomized to placebo. There was no average gain in body weight when patients previously treated with oral hypoglycemic agents were switched to repaglinide. The average weight gain in patients treated with repaglinide and not previously treated with sulfonylurea drugs was 3.3%.

The dosing of repaglinide relative to meal-related insulin release was studied in 3 trials including 58 patients. Glycemic control was maintained during a period in which the meal and dosing pattern was varied (2, 3, or 4 meals/day; before meals x 2, 3, or 4) compared with a period of 3 regular meals and 3 doses/day (before meals x 3). It was also shown that repaglinide can be administered at the start of a meal, 15 minutes before, or 30 minutes before the meal with the same blood glucose lowering effect.

Repaglinide was compared to other insulin secretagogues in 1-year controlled trials to demonstrate comparability of efficacy and safety. Hypoglycemia was reported in 16% of 1 228 repaglinide patients, 20% of 417 glyburide patients, and 19% of 81 glipizide patients. Of repaglinide-treated patients with symptomatic hypoglycemia, none developed coma or required hospitalization.

Indications: As an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower the blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled satisfactorily by diet and exercise alone.

Repaglinide is also indicated for use in combination with metformin to lower blood glucose in patients whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled by exercise, diet, and either repaglinide or metformin alone. If glucose control has not been achieved after a suitable trial of combination therapy, consideration should be given to discontinuing these drugs and using insulin. Judgments should be based on regular clinical and laboratory evaluations.

In initiating treatment for type 2 diabetes, diet and exercise should be emphasized as the primary form of treatment. Caloric restriction, weight loss and exercise are essential in the obese diabetic patient. Proper dietary management and exercise alone may be effective in controlling the blood glucose and symptoms of hyperglycemia. In addition to regular physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors should be identified and corrective measures taken where possible.

If this treatment program fails to reduce symptoms and/or blood glucose, the use of an oral blood glucose-lowering agent or insulin should be considered. Use of repaglinide must be viewed by both the physician and patient as a treatment in addition to diet, and not as a substitute for diet or as a convenient mechanism for avoiding dietary restraint. Furthermore, loss of blood glucose control on diet alone may

Q: What can you say about the treatment for type 2 diabetes that could increase the risk for stroke & heart dse.?

A: Having untreated diabetes also increases your risk for heart attack and stroke as well as a number of other conditions. There are other treatments for diabetes that are safe.

Q: Natural treatment for type 2 diabetes?
Are there vitimines, minerals, herbs that are effective in controling type two diabetes?

A: All I know about is diet, exercise, and medication. ———————-

Q: what is the treatment for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
and any other detail about diabetes

A: Type 1 Diabetes must be treated with insulin shots. This involves injecting insulin under the skin — in the fat — for it to get absorbed into the blood stream where it can then access all the cells of the body which require it. Insulin cannot be taken as a pill because the juices in the stomach would destroy the insulin before it could work. Remember, insulin is a hormone, and like all other hormones, insulin is a protein and therefore it has a very important 3-dimentional structure which is destroyed by the acid in the stomach. Even if it did make it through the stomach, the digestive enzymes secreted by the digestive part of the pancreas would digest the insulin protein molecule. Scientists are looking for new ways to give insulin. But today, shots are the most widely used method. Some new insulin pumps are being developed and tested.

Type 2
All treatment strategies should emphasize cardiovascular risk reduction, focusing particularly on hypertension control, smoking cessation and correction of dyslipidemia. Diet, exercise and weight reduction should be the cornerstone of management. Before selecting a medication to improve control of diabetes, the family physician should understand the comparative glucose-lowering effects of available agents. The dose-response for the oral agents on levels of FBG, postprandial glucose and HbA1c is described in Table 4.16-18 The goals of therapy for type 2 diabetes are outlined in Table 5.20

Few clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the possibility of a “ceiling effect” with select antidiabetic agents. A dose-dependent reduction in HbA1c was observed with glimepiride (Amaryl) in one clinical trial.21 Splitting the total daily dosage of sulfonylurea into two separate doses may be necessary to achieve optimal glycemic control in most patients on medium to high daily dosages of these agents. Patients with type 2 diabetes become less responsive over time to one agent alone and frequently require combination therapy to adequately control their disease>

Q: do you believe that cinnamon can help in treatment of type 2 diabetes?

A: I read the study that came out about cinnamon. You have to take 1/4 teaspoon of cinnamon every day. The study was for 45 days. They found that after patients went off the cinnamon, their high blood sugar returned. They are still studying the long term possibilities.

Q: does anyone know of a medical treatment for type 2 diabetes??

A: My doctor has me on Avandia and Metformin; seems to be doing the trick. Just as important is changing your eating habits and getting lots of exercise. Try walking a mile or two every day.

Q: Does any one know of any alternative treatments for type 2 diabetes?
I was diagnosed type 2 a year ago and am interested in alternative therapies.

A: If you are one of the many millions struggling with diabetes (type 1 and type 2 combined) there are natural approaches which can help greatly.

As in almost all areas of health, exercise and proper diet can help tremendously for diabetes. That does not mean a heavy exercise regimen nor does it mean a radical weight loss. Moderate exercise and a weight loss of only 5% or slightly more can make a substantial difference (and that holds true for those considered significantly overweight as well as those carrying a few pesky extra pounds. To achieve a 5% or more weight loss may require no more than cutting out soft drinks and taking regular walks for example. At any rate, losing 5% is easily achievable with modest exercise and a sensible diet that includes plenty of vegetables, especially raw and lightly steamed vegetables, some fruits (though little or no fruit juice because of its high sugar content), fermented whole grains, and getting rid of dangerous trans fats.

Iodine and Diabetes:

Iodine is a key element in fighting diabetes because it helps regulate the thyroid and is essential for a healthy liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleens and more. While it is well known that diet, obesity, food allergies, viral infections, and stress are all contributing factors for diabetes, it is less widely recognized that these factors are often either a cause of or caused by a weak liver, spleen, and pancreas.

For example, obesity is the result of poor diet and/or a sluggish liver which causes a sluggish metabolism. A sluggish liver is often associated with gallstones because the liver and gallbladder are interconnected. And gallstones are formed because of “bile stasis” due to a sluggish gallbladder. Fatty liver (a common complication of diabetes) is also an indicator of liver weakness, and chronic diarrhea (yet another common diabetes symptom) is caused by a weak spleen according to Chinese medicine.

It is well known that diet, obesity, food allergies, viral infections, and stress are all contributing factors for diabetes, but my understanding is that these factors either cause or are caused by a weak liver, spleen, and pancreas. For example, obesity is the result of poor diet and/or a sluggish liver which causes a sluggish metabolism. A sluggish liver is often associated with gallstones because the liver and gallbladdder are interconnected. And gallstones are formed because of “bile stasis” due to a sluggish gallbladder. Fatty liver (a common complication of diabetes) is also an indicator of liver weakness, and chronic diarrhea (yet another common diabetes symptom) is caused by a weak spleen according to Chinese medicine.

In women, iodine’s ability to revive hormonal sensitivity back to normal significantly improves Insulin sensitivity and other hormones.

For diabetes, take at least 50 mg per day of Iodine (a combination of both elemental and potassium iodine) and selenium must also be taken in order for iodine to work properly.

Natural Remedies for Diabetes:

In addition to sensible dieting and physical activities, the following have all shown the ability to help with diabetes:

• GTF Chromium (Glucose Transport Factor Chromium) – The primary role of insulin is glucose transport is the primary role of insulin, chromium’s main function is increasing insulin’s efficiency in regulating blood sugar levels. In one study of 180 men and women with Type II diabetes, researchers divided the subjects into three groups, each receiving twice daily doses of either 200 mcg or 500 mcg of chromium or a placebo. The patients were allowed to continue with their usual diet and medications. At the end of two months, those who took 1,000 mcg of chromium daily showed significant improvement in insulin response, the number if insulin receptors, and levels of blood lipids (fats and cholesterol)0. It took four months the group taking 400 mcg chromium daily to improve as much as the higher dosage group. However, all the patients taking chromium showed measurable improvement in their diabetes-related symptoms

Source: “Chromium in the Prevention and Control of Diabetes” by Richard A. Anderson, PhD, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 1998

• Pycnogenol – Pycnogenol is a powerful antioxidant derived from French maritime pine tree bark and the subject of more than 180 studies over 35 years which has been shown to reduce high blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and blood glucose without affecting insulin levels. Of particular note is its ability to reduce leakage into the retina by repairing capillaries in the eyes. While still largely unknown to American doctors, Pycnogenol is the leading prescription for diabetic retinopathy in France.

• “Oleander Extract” – A carefully prepared aqueous extract of the oleander plant such as is found in the herbal product Sutherlandia OPC. Diabetics who have used this remedy report being able to either reduce or eliminate medications altogether, often being able to control their diabetes with diet alone. Note: Oleander is highly toxic in raw form, don’t even think about using the raw plant!

• Bitter Guord – Make a watery juice of a small Bitter Guord (remove seeds) and drink every morning. Bitter Guord also helps to clear pimples and maintain a good skin, and is good for de-worming the intestines.

• Gymnema Sylvestre – Is a plant that grows in the tropical forests of central and southern India and in parts of Africa. Herbalists in India have used the leaves of this long, slender plant as a treatment for diabetes for more than 2,000 years. The Hindu word “gumar,” which means “sugar destroyer,” describes the primary use of the herb in traditional Indian medicine. So strong is this herb that powered gymnema root has also been used to treat snake bites, constipation, stomach complaints, water retention, and liver disease. Doctors in India note that Gymnema Sylvestre is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and in food additives against obesity and caries.

• Prickly Pear Cactus (Nopal) – Prickly pear could reduce blood sugar rises after a meal by up to 50 per cent according to a recent study. Prickly pear cactus is widely used to control blood sugar and diabetes and the cactus pads are consumed regularly in Mexico,.

• Blackseed Oil (Nigella Sativa) – Also called black cumin seed (be sure that it is Nigella sativa regardless of what it is referred to as). Blackseed oil is legendary for its medicinal properties and has been used for thousands of years (Click here for more information). Preliminary research in animal trials has shown that that an extract from Nigella sativa seeds can reduce elevated blood sugar levels and the antioxidant activity of the extract may prevent the complications associated with uncontrolled type II diabetes.

• Fenugreek seed – Soak fenugreek seeds in about one teaspoon in water at night, drink that water in the morning and chew and eat the soaked seeds. Helps reduce blood sugar.

• Green plaintain peels – Wash a green plantain and peel it, then put the peel in a jar and cover with water. Let sit overnight, and then drink this water three times a day. Lowers your blood sugar level. Keep drinking as needed and change the peel every other day and refill the jar with water.

• Agaricus Blazei Murrill (ABM) Mushroom – referred to in it’s native Brazil as “The Mushroom of the Gods” with good reason due to it’s amazing immune boosting and disease fighting properties. Available in health food stores and online at various sites including http://www.agaricus.net.

• Alpha Lipoic Acid – In Germany, alpha-lipoic acid is an approved medical treatment for peripheral neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes. It speeds the removal of glucose from the bloodstream, at least partly by enhancing insulin function, and it reduces insulin resistance, an underpinning of many cases of coronary heart disease and obesity. The therapeutic dose for lipoic acid is 600 mg/day. In the United States, it is sold as a dietary supplement, usually as 50 mg tablets. (The richest food source of alpha-lipoic acid is red meat – but to insure proper health, use lean cuts of organic beef that has not been subject to antibiotics or feed lot practices).

• Cat’s Claw – Used by indigenous tribes in Peru and South America to treat diabetes. Available at health food stores.

• Cinnamon – Cinnamon has been shown to help regulate blood glucose levels and several studies indicate that it may be helpful against diabetes, particularly type II diabetes.

• Mullaca – Mullaca is employed in herbal medicine systems today in both Peru and Brazil. In Peruvian herbal medicine the plant is called mullaca or bolsa mullaca. To treat diabetes, the roots of three mullaca plants are sliced and macerated in 1/4 liter of rum for seven days. Honey is added, and 1/2 glass of this medicine is taken twice daily for 60 days. In addition, an infusion of the leaves is recommended as a good diuretic, and an infusion of the roots is used to treat hepatitis. For asthma and malaria, the dosage is 1 cup of tea made from the aerial parts of the plant. In Brazilian herbal medicine the plant is employed for chronic rheumatism, for skin diseases and dermatitis, as a sedative and diuretic, for fever and vomiting, and for many types of kidney, liver, and gallbladder problems.

• Other Good Foods and Supplements – Almonds, apples, oranges, coconut oil, and substances high in omega three oils (olive oil, flaxseed oil, fish oil, borage oil).

Q: what is the different of treatment between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2?
pharmacology and non-pharmacology… thanks…

A: Diabetes 1 your body produces no insulin and you must take insulin to keep your blood sugar under control (diet, excercise and oral hypoglycemics will sometimes be given to help control sugars).

Diabetes 2 your body does not produce enough insulin so treatment is aimed at helping your body control sugar … start by controlling diet, then add oral hypoglycemics (metformin, glyburide, avandia etc…) and insulin only if necessary.

HbAic test to see wether treatment is helping with longterm sugar control.

Hope this helps,

C

Q: I have been offered a Job in Adelaide, I have type 2 diabetes & im worried about treatment & costs.?
I have been told that the condition itself neednt be a problem with the visa but im worried about the cost of my medication and treatment. As it is currently covered by the NHS would it be covered under the reciprocal agreement between the Uk & Australia?
I would move over on a working visa then immediately apply for residence.

A: No – that only applies to holiday visitors – as you will be working you will not be considered a holiday visitor. Are you coming on a PR? If so you will also get a medicare card which reduces the cost substantially. If not you will have to pay full cost.

Q: what are the prospect on a cure of type 2 diabetes in the near future?
how close are we to finding a cure and how long would you estimate? if so, what types of treatments are there that might be available? does legalization of stems cell research have an effect? sorry for too many questions on a cure, but just curious on its progress. i hope it’s soon, for the sake of someone close to me.

A: What the heck is “Murse Dan” talking about? Insulin uptake and resistance occurs at the tissue level, not in the blood or the pancreas.

If this guy is in the health field, I’m scared.

Anyway, the best hope for curing T2 diabetes is prevention, both at the genetic level and the lifestyle level.

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